列传第十四
牛弘
牛弘(hong)，字里仁，安定(ding)鹑觚人也，本姓裛(yi)氏。祖炽，郡中正。父(fu)允(yun)，魏侍(shi)(shi)中、工部尚书、临泾公(gong)，赐姓为(wei)牛氏。弘(hong)初(chu)在襁褓，有相(xiang)者见之，谓其父(fu)曰(yue)：“此(ci)兒当(dang)贵，善爱养之。”及长，须貌(mao)甚伟，性宽裕，好学博闻。在周，起(qi)家中外(wai)府记(ji)室、内史上(shang)士(shi)。俄转(zhuan)纳言上(shang)士(shi)，专掌文(wen)翰，甚有美称(cheng)。加威烈(lie)将军(jun)、员(yuan)外(wai)散(san)(san)骑侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)，修起(qi)居注。其后袭封临泾公(gong)。宣政元(yuan)年(nian)，转(zhuan)内史下大(da)夫，进位使持(chi)节(jie)、大(da)将军(jun)，仪同三司。开皇初(chu)，迁授散(san)(san)骑常侍(shi)(shi)、秘书监。弘(hong)以典籍遗(yi)逸，上(shang)表请开献书之路，曰(yue)：
经(jing)籍(ji)(ji)所(suo)兴，由来尚矣(yi)(yi)。爻画(hua)肇于(yu)(yu)(yu)庖羲(xi)，文(wen)(wen)字(zi)生于(yu)(yu)(yu)苍颉。圣人(ren)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)弘(hong)宣教(jiao)导，博(bo)通古(gu)(gu)(gu)今(jin)(jin)(jin)，扬于(yu)(yu)(yu)王(wang)庭，肆于(yu)(yu)(yu)时夏(xia)。故尧称至(zhi)(zhi)圣，犹考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)道而言(yan)；舜其(qi)(qi)大(da)智，尚观古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。《周(zhou)官》外史(shi)掌三皇(huang)五(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，及(ji)(ji)四(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。武王(wang)问(wen)黄帝(di)、颛(zhuan)顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，太公(gong)曰：“在(zai)《丹书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》。”是知握(wo)符御(yu)历，有(you)(you)(you)国有(you)(you)(you)家者(zhe)，曷尝不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)《诗》、《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》而为教(jiao)，因礼乐(le)而成功也(ye)。昔周(zhou)德(de)(de)既衰，旧(jiu)经(jing)紊(wen)弃。孔(kong)子(zi)以(yi)(yi)大(da)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)，开素王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业，宪(xian)(xian)章祖述(shu)，制《礼》刊《诗》，正(zheng)五(wu)始而修《春秋(qiu)》，阐《十(shi)翼》而弘(hong)《易(yi)》道。治国立(li)身，作范垂法。及(ji)(ji)秦(qin)皇(huang)驭宇(yu)(yu)，吞灭(mie)诸侯(hou)(hou)，任用威力，事不(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)，始下(xia)焚(fen)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令，行偶(ou)语之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑。先王(wang)坟籍(ji)(ji)，扫地皆(jie)(jie)尽。本(ben)既先亡，从而颠覆(fu)。臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)图(tu)谶言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，经(jing)典盛衰，信有(you)(you)(you)徵(zhi)数。此则书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)厄(e)也(ye)。汉(han)兴，改秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，敦尚儒(ru)术，建藏书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策，置校书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，屋(wu)壁(bi)山岩，往往间出。外有(you)(you)(you)太常、太史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藏，内(nei)有(you)(you)(you)延阁、秘(mi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)。至(zhi)(zhi)孝成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，亡逸(yi)尚多(duo)，遣(qian)(qian)谒(ye)者(zhe)陈农求(qiu)遗(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)下(xia)，诏(zhao)刘(liu)向父子(zi)雠校篇籍(ji)(ji)。汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典文(wen)(wen)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)斯(si)为盛。及(ji)(ji)王(wang)莽(mang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)，长安兵起，宫室图(tu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，并从焚(fen)烬。此则书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二厄(e)也(ye)。光武嗣兴，尤重(zhong)(zhong)经(jing)诰，未(wei)及(ji)(ji)下(xia)车(che)，先求(qiu)文(wen)(wen)雅。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是鸿生巨儒(ru)，继踵而集(ji)(ji)，怀(huai)(huai)(huai)经(jing)负帙(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)远斯(si)至(zhi)(zhi)。肃宗亲临讲肄，和帝(di)数幸书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林，其(qi)(qi)兰台、石室，鸿都(dou)、东(dong)观，秘(mi)牒填委，更(geng)倍于(yu)(yu)(yu)前。及(ji)(ji)孝献移都(dou)，吏(li)民扰乱，图(tu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)缣帛，皆(jie)(jie)取(qu)为帷囊。所(suo)收(shou)(shou)(shou)而西(xi)，裁七十(shi)余(yu)乘。属西(xi)京大(da)乱，一(yi)时燔荡。此则书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三厄(e)也(ye)。魏(wei)文(wen)(wen)代汉(han)，更(geng)集(ji)(ji)经(jing)典，皆(jie)(jie)藏在(zai)秘(mi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、内(nei)外三阁，遣(qian)(qian)秘(mi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)郎郑(zheng)默删(shan)定(ding)旧(jiu)文(wen)(wen)。时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论(lun)者(zhe)，美其(qi)(qi)硃紫(zi)有(you)(you)(you)别。晋(jin)氏承之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，文(wen)(wen)籍(ji)(ji)尤广。晋(jin)秘(mi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)监荀(xun)勖定(ding)魏(wei)《内(nei)经(jing)》，更(geng)著《新簿》。虽(sui)古(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)旧(jiu)简，犹云有(you)(you)(you)缺，新章后(hou)(hou)(hou)录，鸠集(ji)(ji)已(yi)多(duo)，足(zu)得恢(hui)弘(hong)正(zheng)道，训范当世(shi)。属刘(liu)、石凭陵，京华覆(fu)灭(mie)，朝章国典，从而失坠 。此则书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)厄(e)也(ye)。永(yong)嘉(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，寇窃(qie)竞兴。因河据(ju)洛，跨秦(qin)带赵(zhao)。论(lun)其(qi)(qi)建国立(li)家，虽(sui)传名号，宪(xian)(xian)章礼乐(le)，寂灭(mie)无(wu)(wu)闻(wen)。刘(liu)裕平姚，收(shou)(shou)(shou)其(qi)(qi)图(tu)籍(ji)(ji)，五(wu)经(jing)子(zi)史(shi)，才(cai)(cai)四(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)卷(juan)(juan)，皆(jie)(jie)赤轴青纸(zhi)，文(wen)(wen)字(zi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)拙(zhuo)。僭伪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛，莫(mo)过二秦(qin)，以(yi)(yi)此而论(lun)，足(zu)可(ke)明矣(yi)(yi)。故知衣冠轨(gui)物，图(tu)画(hua)记(ji)注(zhu)，播(bo)迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu)，皆(jie)(jie)归江(jiang)左。晋(jin)、宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际，学艺为多(duo)，齐、梁(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，经(jing)史(shi)弥盛。宋秘(mi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)丞王(wang)俭，依刘(liu)氏《七略》，撰为《七志》。梁(liang)人(ren)阮(ruan)孝绪(xu)，亦(yi)为《七录》。总其(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)数，三万余(yu)卷(juan)(juan)。及(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)景渡江(jiang)，破(po)灭(mie)梁(liang)室，秘(mi)省经(jing)籍(ji)(ji)，虽(sui)从兵火，其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)德(de)(de)殿内(nei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)史(shi)，宛然犹存。萧绎据(ju)有(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)陵，遣(qian)(qian)将破(po)平侯(hou)(hou)景，收(shou)(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，及(ji)(ji)公(gong)私(si)典籍(ji)(ji)，重(zhong)(zhong)本(ben)七万余(yu)卷(juan)(juan)，悉送(song)荆州。故江(jiang)表图(tu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，因斯(si)尽萃(cui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)绎矣(yi)(yi)。及(ji)(ji)周(zhou)师(shi)入郢，绎悉焚(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)外城，所(suo)收(shou)(shou)(shou)十(shi)才(cai)(cai)一(yi)二。此则书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)厄(e)也(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)魏(wei)爰自幽方(fang)，迁宅伊(yi)、洛，日不(bu)(bu)(bu)暇给，经(jing)籍(ji)(ji)阙如(ru)。周(zhou)氏创基(ji)关(guan)右，戎车(che)未(wei)息。保定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始，书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)止八千(qian)(qian)(qian)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)加收(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)，方(fang)盈万卷(juan)(juan)。高氏据(ju)有(you)(you)(you)山东(dong)，初亦(yi)采访，验其(qi)(qi)本(ben)目，残缺犹多(duo)。及(ji)(ji)东(dong)夏(xia)初平，获(huo)其(qi)(qi)经(jing)史(shi)，四(si)部(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)杂，三万余(yu)卷(juan)(juan)。所(suo)益旧(jiu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，五(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)而已(yi)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)御(yu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)单(dan)本(ben)，合一(yi)万五(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)余(yu)卷(juan)(juan)，部(bu)(bu)帙(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，仍有(you)(you)(you)残缺。比梁(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧(jiu)目，止有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)半。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)阴(yin)阳河洛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇，医方(fang)图(tu)谱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说，弥复为少(shao)。臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)经(jing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)自仲尼已(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，迄于(yu)(yu)(yu)当今(jin)(jin)(jin)，年逾千(qian)(qian)(qian)载，数遭五(wu)厄(e)，兴集(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期，属膺圣世(shi)。伏惟陛(bi)下(xia)受(shou)天(tian)明命，君临区宇(yu)(yu)，功无(wu)(wu)与二，德(de)(de)冠往初。自华夏(xia)分(fen)离，彝伦攸斁，其(qi)(qi)间虽(sui)霸(ba)王(wang)递(di)起，而世(shi)难(nan)未(wei)夷，欲崇儒(ru)业，时或(huo)未(wei)可(ke)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)土宇(yu)(yu)迈于(yu)(yu)(yu)三王(wang)，民黎盛于(yu)(yu)(yu)两汉(han)，有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)时，正(zheng)在(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)日。方(fang)当大(da)弘(hong)文(wen)(wen)教(jiao)，纳俗升平，而天(tian)下(xia)图(tu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，尚有(you)(you)(you)遗(yi)(yi)逸(yi)，非(fei)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)仰协圣情，流训无(wu)(wu)穷者(zhe)也(ye)。臣(chen)史(shi)籍(ji)(ji)是司，寝兴怀(huai)(huai)(huai)惧(ju)。昔陆(lu)贾(jia)奏汉(han)祖云 “天(tian)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)马上(shang)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，故知经(jing)邦立(li)政(zheng)，在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)典谟矣(yi)(yi)。为国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)，莫(mo)此攸先。今(jin)(jin)(jin)秘(mi)藏见书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，亦(yi)足(zu)披览，但一(yi)时载籍(ji)(ji)，须(xu)令大(da)备。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)王(wang)府(fu)所(suo)无(wu)(wu)，私(si)家乃(nai)有(you)(you)(you)。然士民殷杂，求(qiu)访难(nan)知，纵有(you)(you)(you)知者(zhe)，多(duo)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)吝(lin)惜，必须(xu)勒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)威，引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)微利。若猥发明诏(zhao)，兼开购赏，则异典必臻(zhen)，观阁斯(si)积，重(zhong)(zhong)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)，超于(yu)(yu)(yu)前世(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)善乎！伏愿天(tian)鉴，少(shao)垂照察。
上纳之，于是下(xia)诏：献书一(yi)卷，赉缣(jian)一(yi)匹。一(yi)二(er)年(nian)间，篇籍(ji)稍备(bei)。进爵奇章(zhang)郡公(gong)，邑千五百户。
三年，拜礼(li)部(bu)尚书，奉敕(chi)修撰《五礼(li)》，勒(le)成(cheng)百卷(juan)，行(xing)于当世(shi)。弘(hong)请依(yi)古制修立(li)明堂，上议曰(yue)：
窃谓明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通神灵(ling)，感天地，出(chu)(chu)教(jiao)化，崇(chong)有德。《孝经》曰：“宗(zong)祀(si)文(wen)王(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配上帝(di)(di)。”《祭义》云(yun)：“祀(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，教(jiao)诸侯孝也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”黄(huang)帝(di)(di)曰合(he)(he)宫(gong)，尧曰五府(fu)，舜(shun)曰总章(zhang)，布政兴治(zhi)，由来(lai)尚(shang)矣。《周官·考(kao)工记》曰：“夏后(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)世(shi)室(shi)(shi)，堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)修(xiu)二(er)七(qi)(qi)，广四(si)修(xiu)一。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan)注云(yun)：“修(xiu)十(shi)四(si)步，其(qi)(qi)广益以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)分修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)一，则堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)广十(shi)七(qi)(qi)步半也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“殷(yin)人(ren)重(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)，堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)修(xiu)七(qi)(qi)寻，四(si)阿重(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)修(xiu)七(qi)(qi)寻，广九寻也(ye)(ye)(ye)。” “周人(ren)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，度九尺之(zhi)(zhi)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，南(nan)北七(qi)(qi)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，五室(shi)(shi)，凡(fan)室(shi)(shi)二(er)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)：“此三者，或(huo)举宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)，或(huo)举王(wang)寝(qin)，或(huo)举明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，互言之(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)同(tong)制也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”马(ma)融、王(wang)肃、干宝(bao)所注，与(yu)郑(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)异，今(jin)不(bu)具出(chu)(chu)。汉司徒马(ma)宫(gong)议云(yun)：“夏后(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)世(shi)室(shi)(shi)，室(shi)(shi)显于(yu)(yu)(yu)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，故命以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)。殷(yin)人(ren)重(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)，屋(wu)(wu)(wu)显于(yu)(yu)(yu)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，故命以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)。周人(ren)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)夏室(shi)(shi)，故命以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。夏后(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)益其(qi)(qi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)广百(bai)四(si)十(shi)四(si)尺，周人(ren)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为两序间大(da)(da)夏后(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)二(er)尺。”若(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)说，则夏室(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)周堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，如依(yi)马(ma)宫(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)言，则周堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)夏室(shi)(shi)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)王(wang)转文(wen)，周大(da)(da)为是。但宫(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)所言，未详其(qi)(qi)义。此皆去圣久远，礼(li)文(wen)残缺，先(xian)儒解说，家异人(ren)殊。郑(zheng)注《玉(yu)藻》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)： “宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)路寝(qin)，与(yu)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)同(tong)制。”《王(wang)制》曰：“寝(qin)不(bu)逾庙(miao)(miao)。”明(ming)大(da)(da)小是同(tong)。今(jin)依(yi)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)注，每室(shi)(shi)及堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，止(zhi)(zhi)有一丈(zhang)(zhang)八尺，四(si)壁之(zhi)(zhi)外，四(si)尺有余。若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)论(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)，祫(xia)享之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，周人(ren)旅酬(chou)六尸，并后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)为七(qi)(qi)，先(xian)公(gong)昭(zhao)穆二(er)尸，先(xian)王(wang)昭(zhao)穆二(er)尸，合(he)(he)十(shi)一尸，三十(shi)六主，及君北面行事于(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，愚不(bu)及此。若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正寝(qin)论(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)，例须(xu)朝(chao)宴(yan)(yan)。据(ju)《燕礼(li)》： “诸侯宴(yan)(yan)，则宾及卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫脱屦(ju)升坐(zuo)。”是知(zhi)天子宴(yan)(yan)，则三公(gong)九卿(qing)(qing)并须(xu)升堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。《燕义》又(you)(you)云(yun)：“席(xi)，小卿(qing)(qing)次上卿(qing)(qing)。”言皆侍席(xi)。止(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)间，岂(qi)得(de)行礼(li)？若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)论(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)，总享之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，五帝(di)(di)各(ge)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)。设青(qing)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)位，须(xu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)木室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)内，少北西面。太(tai)昊从食，坐(zuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)西，近南(nan)北面。祖宗(zong)配享者，又(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)青(qing)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)，稍退西面。丈(zhang)(zhang)八之(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)，神位有三，加(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)簠簋(gui)笾豆，牛(niu)羊之(zhi)(zhi)俎，四(si)海九州美物咸设，复须(xu)席(xi)上升歌，出(chu)(chu)樽反坫(dian)，揖(yi)让升降，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隘(ai)矣。据(ju)兹(zi)而说，近是不(bu)然。
案(an)刘(liu)(liu)向(xiang)《别录》及马宫(gong)、蔡(cai)邕(yong)等所见(jian)，当时有(you)(you)(you)《古(gu)文明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)礼》、《王(wang)居明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)礼》、《明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)图》、《明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)大图》、《明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)阴阳(yang)》、《太(tai)山通义》、《魏文侯(hou)孝经传》等，并(bing)说古(gu)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。其(qi)(qi)书(shu)皆亡，莫得而(er)(er)(er)正(zheng)。今《明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)月(yue)令(ling)》者，郑玄云：“是吕(lv)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)韦著，《春秋十(shi)(shi)二纪(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)章，礼家钞(chao)合为(wei)记(ji)。”蔡(cai)邕(yong)、王(wang)肃云：“周公所作(zuo)《周书(shu)》内有(you)(you)(you)《月(yue)令(ling)》第(di)五十(shi)(shi)三，即(ji)此(ci)也(ye)(ye)。各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)证明(ming)(ming)，文多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)载(zai)。束(shu)皙以(yi)(yi)为(wei)夏时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)。”刘(liu)(liu)献云：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)韦鸠集儒者，寻于(yu)圣王(wang)月(yue)令(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事而(er)(er)(er)记(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)韦安能独为(wei)此(ci)记(ji)？”今案(an)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得全称《周书(shu)》，亦(yi)未可即(ji)为(wei)秦(qin)典(dian)，其(qi)(qi)内杂有(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)、夏、殷、周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，皆圣王(wang)仁恕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政也(ye)(ye)。蔡(cai)邕(yong)具为(wei)章句，又论之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：“明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者，所以(yi)(yi)宗祀其(qi)(qi)祖以(yi)(yi)配(pei)上帝也(ye)(ye)。夏后(hou)氏曰(yue)世室，殷人(ren)曰(yue)重屋，周人(ren)曰(yue)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。东曰(yue)青(qing)(qing)阳(yang)，南(nan)曰(yue)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，西曰(yue)总章，北曰(yue)玄堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，内曰(yue)太(tai)室。圣人(ren)南(nan)面而(er)(er)(er)听，向(xiang)明(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)治(zhi)，人(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)焉。故虽有(you)(you)(you)五名(ming)，而(er)(er)(er)主以(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)。制(zhi)度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)，各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)所依。堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)方一(yi)百(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)尺，坤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)也(ye)(ye)，屋圆(yuan)(yuan)楣(mei)径(jing)二百(bai)(bai)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)尺，乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)也(ye)(ye)。太(tai)庙(miao)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)方六(liu)(liu)丈，通天屋径(jing)九(jiu)(jiu)丈，阴阳(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)六(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变，且(qie)圆(yuan)(yuan)盖方覆，九(jiu)(jiu)六(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)。八闼以(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)卦(gua)，九(jiu)(jiu)室以(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)州，十(shi)(shi)二宫(gong)以(yi)(yi)应(ying)日辰。三十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)户(hu)，七十(shi)(shi)二牖，以(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)户(hu)八牖乘九(jiu)(jiu)宫(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)。户(hu)皆外设(she)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闭，示天下以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)藏也(ye)(ye)。通天屋高(gao)八十(shi)(shi)一(yi)尺，黄(huang)钟(zhong)九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实也(ye)(ye)。二十(shi)(shi)八柱布(bu)四(si)(si)(si)方，四(si)(si)(si)方七宿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)。堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)高(gao)三尺，以(yi)(yi)应(ying)三统(tong)，四(si)(si)(si)向(xiang)五色(se)，各(ge)象(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)行。水阔(kuo)二十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)丈，象(xiang)(xiang)二十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)气，于(yu)外以(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)四(si)(si)(si)海。王(wang)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大礼也(ye)(ye)。”观其(qi)(qi)模范(fan)天地，则象(xiang)(xiang)阴阳(yang)，必(bi)据古(gu)文，义不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虚(xu)出。今若(ruo)直取《考工》，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)参(can)《月(yue)令(ling)》，青(qing)(qing)阳(yang)总章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)(er)称，九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)享帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)(er)用。汉代二京(jing)所建，与此(ci)说悉同(tong)。
建安之(zhi)后(hou)，海内大乱，京邑焚烧，宪(xian)章泯绝。魏氏三(san)(san)方未(wei)平，无闻兴造(zao)。晋(jin)则侍中裴頠议曰：“尊祖配天，其(qi)义明著，而庙宇之(zhi)制(zhi)，理据未(wei)分。宜可(ke)直(zhi)为一殿，以崇严父(fu)之(zhi)祀，其(qi)余杂碎，一皆(jie)除之(zhi)。”宋(song)、齐(qi)已还，咸率兹礼(li)。此乃世之(zhi)通(tong)儒(ru)，时无思术，前王盛事，于(yu)是不(bu)行。后(hou)魏代(dai)都(dou)所造(zao)，出自(zi)李(li)冲，三(san)(san)三(san)(san)相(xiang)重，合为九室。檐不(bu)覆基(ji)，房间通(tong)街，穿凿处多(duo)，迄无可(ke)取。及(ji)迁宅(zhai)洛阳，更加营构，五九纷(fen)竞，遂至不(bu)成，宗配之(zhi)事，于(yu)焉靡(mi)托。
今皇猷遐阐，化覃海外(wai)，方(fang)建大礼，垂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无穷(qiong)。弘等不以(yi)(yi)庸(yong)虚，谬当议限。今检明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)必须(xu)(xu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)何？《尚书帝(di)(di)(di)命(ming)验(yan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“帝(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)承天(tian)(tian)立(li)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)府(fu)，赤(chi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)文(wen)祖，黄(huang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)神斗，白曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)显纪，黑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)玄(xuan)矩(ju)，苍曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)府(fu)。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan)注(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)府(fu)与周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)同(tong)(tong)矣(yi)。”且三(san)代相沿，多(duo)有损益，至于(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)，确然不变。夫室(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)祭天(tian)(tian)，天(tian)(tian)实有五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，若立(li)九室(shi)(shi)，四(si)无所(suo)(suo)用(yong)。布政(zheng)视朔，自依其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辰。郑(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“十二月分在青阳等左(zuo)右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位。”不云(yun)(yun)(yun)居室(shi)(shi)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)亦(yi)言(yan)：“每月于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)而听(ting)政(zheng)焉。”《礼图》画个，皆在堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)偏，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)须(xu)(xu)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)必须(xu)(xu)上(shang)圆(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)者(zhe)(zhe)何？《孝经(jing)援神契》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)圆(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)，八窗四(si)达，布政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)。”《礼记·盛德篇》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)四(si)户八牖，上(shang)圆(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)。” 《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)异义》称(cheng)讲学(xue)(xue)大夫淳(chun)于(yu)登亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“上(shang)圆(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan)同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)须(xu)(xu)为(wei)圆(yuan)(yuan)方(fang)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)必须(xu)(xu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)何？案(an)《考工记》，夏言(yan)“九阶(jie)，四(si)旁两夹窗，门堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二，室(shi)(shi)三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。”殷(yin)、周(zhou)不言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)一(yi)同(tong)(tong)夏制(zhi)。殷(yin)言(yan)“四(si)阿重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)”，周(zhou)承其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后不言(yan)屋(wu)(wu)，制(zhi)亦(yi)尽同(tong)(tong)可知也。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“殷(yin)人重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，本无五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)据夏以(yi)(yi)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)周(zhou)不云(yun)(yun)(yun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)，因(yin)殷(yin)则(ze)有，灼然可见。《礼记·明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)位》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。”言(yan)鲁为(wei)周(zhou)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故，得用(yong)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)礼乐，鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)与周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)同(tong)(tong)。又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“复庙(miao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐，刮楹(ying)达向(xiang)，天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)饰。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)：“复庙(miao)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)也。”据庙(miao)既重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)亦(yi)不疑矣(yi)。《春秋》文(wen)公十三(san)年：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)坏。”《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)志》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“前堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)，中(zhong)央曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)，屋(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)也。”服虔亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)屋(wu)(wu)也。”《周(zhou)书 ·作洛篇》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“乃(nai)立(li)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)宗(zong)宫(gong)路寝明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，咸有四(si)阿反(fan)坫，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亢(kang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)廊(lang)(lang)。”孔(kong)晁注(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)： “重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亢(kang)累栋，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)廊(lang)(lang)累屋(wu)(wu)也。”依《黄(huang)图》所(suo)(suo)载，汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)庙(miao)皆为(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)。此(ci)(ci)去(qu)古犹近，遗法尚在，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)须(xu)(xu)为(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)必须(xu)(xu)为(wei)辟(pi)雍(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)何？《礼记·盛德篇》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)诸侯尊卑也。外(wai)水曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)雍(yong)(yong)。”《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)阴阳录》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)，周(zhou)圜行(xing)水，左(zuo)旋以(yi)(yi)象天(tian)(tian)，内有太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)象紫(zi)宫(gong)。”此(ci)(ci)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)有水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)也。然马宫(gong)、王肃以(yi)(yi)为(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、辟(pi)雍(yong)(yong)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)同(tong)(tong)处，蔡(cai)邕、卢植亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)、辟(pi)雍(yong)(yong)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)同(tong)(tong)实异名。邕云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)，取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宗(zong)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)貌，则(ze)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)庙(miao)，取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正室(shi)(shi)，则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)，取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)，则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)，取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)周(zhou)水圜如(ru)璧(bi)，则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)璧(bi)雍(yong)(yong)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实一(yi)也。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)别(bie)者(zhe)(zhe)，《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)通(tong)义》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)以(yi)(yi)望气，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)以(yi)(yi)布政(zheng)，辟(pi)雍(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)养(yang)老教学(xue)(xue)。”三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)不同(tong)(tong)。袁准、郑(zheng)玄(xuan)亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)别(bie)。历代所(suo)(suo)疑，岂能辄定(ding)？今据《郊(jiao)祀志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“欲治明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，未晓其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)。济南(nan)人公玉带(dai)上(shang)黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)时《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)图》，一(yi)殿(dian)无壁，盖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)茅，水圜宫(gong)垣(yuan)，天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)而言(yan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)来则(ze)久。汉中(zhong)元二年，起明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、辟(pi)雍(yong)(yong)、灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)于(yu)洛阳，并(bing)别(bie)处。然明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)亦(yi)有壁水，李尤《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)铭》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“流水洋洋”是(shi)(shi)也。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)须(xu)(xu)有辟(pi)雍(yong)(yong)。
夫帝(di)王(wang)作事，必师古昔，今造明堂(tang)(tang)，须以(yi)《礼(li)经》为本(ben)。形制依(yi)(yi)于周法(fa)，度(du)数取于《月令(ling)》，遗阙之(zhi)处，参以(yi)馀书，庶使该详沿革(ge)之(zhi)理(li)。其五室九(jiu)阶(jie)，上(shang)(shang)圆下(xia)方，四(si)阿重(zhong)屋，四(si)旁两门，依(yi)(yi)《考(kao)工记》、《孝经》说。堂(tang)(tang)方一(yi)(yi)百(bai)四(si)十四(si)尺(chi)(chi)，屋圆楣径(jing)二百(bai)一(yi)(yi)十六尺(chi)(chi)，太室方六丈，通天屋径(jing)九(jiu)丈，八(ba)达(da)二十八(ba)柱，堂(tang)(tang)高三尺(chi)(chi)，四(si)向五色，依(yi)(yi)《周书·月令(ling)》论(lun)。殿(dian)垣方在(zai)内，水周如(ru)外，水内径(jing)三百(bai)步，依(yi)(yi)《太山盛德(de)记》、《觐礼(li)经》。仰观俯察，皆有则象(xiang)，足以(yi)尽诚(cheng)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)，祗(zhi)配祖宗，弘风布教，作范于后矣。弘等学不稽古，辄申(shen)所见，可否(fou)之(zhi)宜，伏听裁择。
上以(yi)时事(shi)草创，未遑(huang)制作(zuo)，竟寝(qin)不(bu)行。
六年，除太(tai)常卿。九(jiu)年，诏(zhao)改定雅乐，又作乐府歌词，撰定圆丘五帝凯乐，并(bing)议乐事。弘上(shang)议云(yun)：
谨案《礼》，五声(sheng)(sheng)、六(liu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)二管(guan)还(hai)(hai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。《周礼》奏黄钟(zhong)(zhong)，歌大吕(lv)，奏太簇，歌应钟(zhong)(zhong)，皆(jie)是旋相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之义。蔡邕《明(ming)堂月令章句》曰：“孟春(chun)(chun)月则太簇为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，姑洗为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商，蕤(rui)宾为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)，南(nan)吕(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵，应钟(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽，大吕(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变(bian)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，夷则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变(bian)徵。他月放此(ci)。” 故先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之作律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吕(lv)也，所以(yi)(yi)辩天地四方阴阳(yang)之声(sheng)(sheng)。扬子(zi)云曰：“声(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)于律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)于辰。” 故律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吕(lv)配五行，通八风，历十(shi)(shi)(shi)二辰，行十(shi)(shi)(shi)二月，循环(huan)转运，义无停止。譬如立(li)春(chun)(chun)木王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)火(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，立(li)夏(xia)(xia)火(huo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)土相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，季夏(xia)(xia)余分，土王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)金相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，立(li)秋(qiu)金王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)水相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，立(li)冬(dong)水王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)木相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。还(hai)(hai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)，谓当其王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)月，名之为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。今若十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)黄钟(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)三月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)太簇为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，便是春(chun)(chun)木不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，夏(xia)(xia)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)阴阳(yang)失度(du)，天地不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通哉(zai)？刘歆《钟(zhong)(zhong)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)书(shu)》云： “春(chun)(chun)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)秋(qiu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，百(bai)卉(hui)必(bi)(bi)凋；秋(qiu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)春(chun)(chun)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，万(wan)物必(bi)(bi)荣；夏(xia)(xia)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)冬(dong)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，雨(yu)雹必(bi)(bi)降；冬(dong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)夏(xia)(xia)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，雷(lei)必(bi)(bi)发声(sheng)(sheng)。”以(yi)(yi)斯而论，诚为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易。且律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二，今直为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黄钟(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)均，唯用七(qi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，以(yi)(yi)外五律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，竟复何施？恐失圣人制作本(ben)意。故须依礼作还(hai)(hai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之法。
上曰：“不(bu)须作旋(xuan)相为宫，且作黄钟一均(jun)也。”弘又论六(liu)十律不(bu)可行：
谨案《续汉(han)(han)书(shu)·律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)历志》，元(yuan)帝遣韦玄(xuan)成问京房(fang)(fang)(fang)于(yu)(yu)乐(le)(le)(le)府(fu)，房(fang)(fang)(fang)对：“受学故小(xiao)黄(huang)令(ling)焦延寿(shou)。六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，以(yi)上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)下，皆(jie)三(san)(san)生(sheng)(sheng)二(er)(er)，以(yi)下生(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)，皆(jie)三(san)(san)生(sheng)(sheng)四(si)。阳(yang)下生(sheng)(sheng)阴(yin)，阴(yin)上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)阳(yang)，终于(yu)(yu)中吕(lv)，而(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)毕矣(yi)。中吕(lv)上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)执(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)，执(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)下生(sheng)(sheng)去灭，上(shang)下相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)，终于(yu)(yu)南事，六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)毕矣(yi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)至于(yu)(yu)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)，犹(you)(you)八卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)至于(yu)(yu)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)也，冬至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)，以(yi)黄(huang)钟为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫，太簇(cu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)，姑(gu)洗为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角，林钟为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵(zhi)，南吕(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽，应钟为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变(bian)宫，蕤(rui)宾为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变(bian)徵(zhi)。此声(sheng)气(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)，五音(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)也。故各统一日(ri)。其(qi)馀以(yi)次运行，当日(ri)者(zhe)各自为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫，而(er)商(shang)徵(zhi)以(yi)类从(cong)焉。”房(fang)(fang)(fang)又曰：“竹声(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)度调，故作准(zhun)以(yi)定数。准(zhun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)如(ru)瑟，长一丈而(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)弦，隐间九(jiu)(jiu)尺(chi)，以(yi)应黄(huang)钟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)九(jiu)(jiu)寸。中央一弦，下画(hua)分(fen)寸，以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)清浊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节。”执(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类，皆(jie)房(fang)(fang)(fang)自造。房(fang)(fang)(fang)云(yun)(yun)受法(fa)(fa)于(yu)(yu)焦延寿(shou)，未知(zhi)延寿(shou)所承也。至元(yuan)和年，待(dai)诏候(hou)钟律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)殷肜上(shang)言：“官无晓六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)准(zhun)调音(yin)者(zhe)。故待(dai)诏严崇具以(yi)准(zhun)法(fa)(fa)教其(qi)子宣，愿召(zhao)(zhao)宣补学官，主调乐(le)(le)(le)器。”大(da)史丞弘试(shi)宣十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，其(qi)二(er)(er)中，其(qi)四(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中，其(qi)六(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，宣遂罢。自此律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)家莫能(neng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)准(zhun)施弦。熹平年，东观召(zhao)(zhao)典律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)太子舍人张光问准(zhun)意(yi)。光等不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)，归阅旧藏，乃得(de)其(qi)器，形制(zhi)如(ru)房(fang)(fang)(fang)书(shu)，犹(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)定其(qi)弦缓急，故史官能(neng)辨清浊者(zhe)遂绝。其(qi)可以(yi)相(xiang)传(chuan)者(zhe)，唯大(da)榷常(chang)数及候(hou)气(qi)而(er)已。据此而(er)论，京房(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，汉(han)(han)世已不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)行。沈约《宋志》曰：“详案古(gu)典及今音(yin)家，六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)无施于(yu)(yu)乐(le)(le)(le)。”《礼》云(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)管还(hai)相(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)言六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)。《封禅书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)：“大(da)帝使素女(nv)鼓五十(shi)(shi)(shi)弦瑟而(er)悲，破为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五弦。”假令(ling)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)，得(de)成亦所不(bu)(bu)(bu)用。取“大(da)乐(le)(le)(le)必易，大(da)礼必简”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也。
又议曰：
案(an)《周官》云：“大司乐(le)掌成均(jun)之(zhi)法。”郑众注云：“均(jun)，调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)也。乐(le)师主(zhu)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)其(qi)音。”《三(san)礼义(yi)宗》称：“《周官》奏黄钟(zhong)者，用(yong)(yong)(yong)黄钟(zhong)为调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，歌(ge)大吕(lv)(lv)者，用(yong)(yong)(yong)大吕(lv)(lv)为调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。奏者谓(wei)堂下四(si)悬，歌(ge)者谓(wei)堂上所歌(ge)。但(dan)一(yi)祭之(zhi)间，皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。”是(shi)知据宫(gong)称调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，其(qi)义(yi)一(yi)也。明六律(lv)六吕(lv)(lv)迭相为宫(gong)，各自为调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。今见行之(zhi)乐(le)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)黄钟(zhong)之(zhi)宫(gong)，乃以林(lin)钟(zhong)为调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，与古典有违。晋内书(shu)监荀勖(xu)依典记，以五声(sheng)十(shi)二(er)(er)律(lv)还(hai)相为宫(gong)之(zhi)法，制十(shi)二(er)(er)笛(di)(di)。黄钟(zhong)之(zhi)笛(di)(di)，正声(sheng)应黄钟(zhong)，下徵应林(lin)钟(zhong)，以姑洗为清角。大吕(lv)(lv)之(zhi)笛(di)(di)，正声(sheng)应大吕(lv)(lv)，下徵应夷则。以外(wai)诸均(jun)，例皆(jie)如是(shi)。然今所用(yong)(yong)(yong)林(lin)钟(zhong)，是(shi)勖(xu)下徵之(zhi)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。不取其(qi)正，先(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)下，于理未通，故须改之(zhi)。
上甚(shen)善其义，诏(zhao)弘与姚察、许(xu)善心、何妥、虞世基等(deng)正定新乐，事在《音律(lv)志(zhi)》。是(shi)后议(yi)置明堂，诏(zhao)弘条上故(gu)事，议(yi)其得失，事在《礼志(zhi)》。上甚(shen)敬重(zhong)之。
时杨素(su)(su)恃才(cai)矜贵，轻侮朝臣(chen)，唯(wei)见(jian)弘(hong)未当不改容自肃。素(su)(su)将击突厥，诣太常(chang)与弘(hong)言别。弘(hong)送素(su)(su)至中门(men)而止(zhi)，素(su)(su)谓弘(hong)曰：“大将出征(zheng)，故(gu)来叙(xu)别，何相(xiang)送之近也？” 弘(hong)遂揖而退。素(su)(su)笑(xiao)曰：“奇章公可谓其智可及(ji)，其愚不可及(ji)也。”亦不以屑怀。
寻授大(da)将(jiang)军，拜吏部尚书。时(shi)高(gao)祖(zu)又(you)令(ling)弘(hong)与(yu)杨素(su)、苏威(wei)、薛道衡、许善心、虞世(shi)基、崔子发等并召诸儒，论新礼降杀(sha)轻重(zhong)。弘(hong)所(suo)(suo)立议，众咸推服(fu)之。仁寿二年，献皇后(hou)崩，三(san)(san)公(gong)已下不(bu)能定其仪(yi)(yi)注。杨素(su)谓弘(hong)曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)旧学，时(shi)贤所(suo)(suo)仰，今日之事，决在于(yu)(yu)公(gong)。”弘(hong)了不(bu)辞让，斯须之间，仪(yi)(yi)注悉备，皆有(you)故(gu)实。素(su)叹(tan)曰(yue)(yue)：“衣冠礼乐，尽在此矣，非吾所(suo)(suo)及也！”弘(hong)以(yi)三(san)(san)年之丧，祥禫具(ju)有(you)降杀(sha)，期(qi)服(fu)十一月而(er)练者，无(wu)所(suo)(suo)象法，以(yi)闻于(yu)(yu)高(gao)祖(zu)，高(gao)祖(zu)纳(na)焉。下诏(zhao)除期(qi)练之礼，自弘(hong)始也。弘(hong)在吏部，其选举先德行而(er)后(hou)文才，务在审慎。虽致停缓，所(suo)(suo)有(you)进(jin)用(yong)，并多(duo)称职(zhi)。吏部侍郎高(gao)孝基，鉴赏机晤，清慎绝(jue)伦，然爽俊有(you)余(yu)，迹(ji)似轻薄(bo)，时(shi)宰多(duo)以(yi)此疑之。唯(wei)弘(hong)深(shen)识(shi)(shi)其真，推心委(wei)任。隋之选举，于(yu)(yu)斯为最。时(shi)论弥服(fu)弘(hong)识(shi)(shi)度之远。
炀帝之(zhi)在东宫也(ye)，数有诗(shi)书遗(yi)弘(hong)，弘(hong)亦有答。及(ji)嗣位(wei)之(zhi)后，尝(chang)赐(ci)弘(hong)诗(shi)曰(yue)：“晋家山吏部(bu)，魏(wei)世(shi)卢尚书，莫言先哲异，奇才(cai)并(bing)佐余。学行敦时(shi)俗，道(dao)素乃冲虚，纳言云阁上(shang)，礼仪(yi)皇运(yun)初。彝伦欣有叙，垂拱事端居。”其同(tong)被(bei)赐(ci)诗(shi)者，至于(yu)(yu)文词赞扬，无如(ru)弘(hong)美。大(da)业(ye)二年(nian)，进(jin)位(wei)上(shang)大(da)将军。三年(nian)，改为右光禄大(da)夫。从(cong)拜恆(heng)岳，坛场珪币，墠畤牲牢(lao)，并(bing)弘(hong)所定(ding)。还下太行，炀帝尝(chang)引入内帐，对皇后赐(ci)以同(tong)席饮食。其礼遇亲重如(ru)此。弘(hong)谓其诸(zhu)子曰(yue)：“吾受非(fei)常之(zhi)遇，荷恩(en)深重。汝等子孙，宜以诚敬自(zi)立，以答恩(en)遇之(zhi)隆也(ye)。”六年(nian)，从(cong)幸(xing)江都。其年(nian)十(shi)一月，卒于(yu)(yu)江都郡，时(shi)年(nian)六十(shi)六。帝伤惜之(zhi)，赠甚厚。归葬安(an)定(ding)，赠开府仪(yi)同(tong)三司、光禄大(da)夫、文安(an)侯(hou)，谥(shi)曰(yue)宪。
弘荣宠当世，而车服卑俭，事上(shang)尽礼，待(dai)下(xia)以仁，讷于(yu)言而敏于(yu)行(xing)(xing)。上(shang)尝令其宣敕，弘至阶下(xia)，不能言，退还拜(bai)谢，云(yun)：“并(bing)忘之(zhi)。”上(shang)曰(yue)(yue)：“传语(yu)小辩(bian)，故非宰臣任(ren)也。”愈称其质直。大业之(zhi)世，委遇弥隆。性宽厚(hou)，笃志于(yu)学，虽(sui)职(zhi)务繁杂，书(shu)不释(shi)手(shou)。隋室旧臣，始(shi)终信(xin)任(ren)，悔吝不及(ji)，唯弘一人而已(yi)。有弟曰(yue)(yue)弼(bi)，好酒而酗，尝因醉，射(she)杀(sha)弘驾车牛。弘来还宅，其妻迎谓之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)：“叔射(she)杀(sha)牛矣(yi)。”弘闻之(zhi)，无所怪问，直答云(yun)：“作脯(fu)。”坐定，其妻又曰(yue)(yue)：“叔忽射(she)杀(sha)牛，大是异(yi)事！”弘曰(yue)(yue)： “已(yi)知(zhi)之(zhi)矣(yi)。”颜色自(zi)若，读书(shu)不辍。其宽和(he)如此。有文集(ji)十三卷行(xing)(xing)于(yu)世。
长子方大，亦有学业，官(guan)至内史舍人。次子方裕(yu)，性凶险(xian)无人心，从幸江(jiang)都，与裴(pei)虔通(tong)等同谋弑逆，事见《司马(ma)德勘(kan)传》。
史臣曰：牛弘笃好坟籍，学优而仕，有淡雅之风，怀旷远之度，采百王之损益，成一代之典章，汉之叔孙，不能尚也。绸缪省闼，三十余年，夷险不渝，始终无际。虽开物成务，非其所长，然澄之不清，混之不浊，可谓大雅君子矣。子实不才，崇基不构，干纪犯义，以坠家风，惜哉！
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