志第十 音乐下
开皇(huang)九年,平陈,获宋、齐(qi)旧乐,诏(zhao)于太(tai)常置(zhi)清商(shang)署以(yi)管之。求陈太(tai)乐令蔡子元、于普明等,复居(ju)其职。由是牛(niu)弘奏曰:
臣闻周有六(liu)代之(zhi)乐,至《韶》、《武(wu)》而已。秦始(shi)(shi)皇改(gai)(gai)周舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曰《五(wu)行》,汉(han)高(gao)(gao)帝改(gai)(gai)《韶舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》曰《文始(shi)(shi)》,以示(shi)不相(xiang)袭(xi)也。又(you)造《武(wu)德(de)》,自表其(qi)功(gong),故(gu)高(gao)(gao)帝庙(miao)奏(zou)《武(wu)德(de)》、《文始(shi)(shi)》、《五(wu)行》之(zhi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)《昭(zhao)容》、《礼容》,增演其(qi)意。《昭(zhao)容》生于《武(wu)德(de)》,盖犹古之(zhi)《韶》也。《礼容》生于《文始(shi)(shi)》,矫秦之(zhi)《五(wu)行》也。文帝又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)《四时(shi)》之(zhi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),故(gu)孝景帝立,追(zhui)述先(xian)功(gong),采(cai)《武(wu)德(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》作(zuo)(zuo)《昭(zhao)德(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》,被之(zhi)管(guan)弦,荐(jian)于太(tai)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)庙(miao)。孝宣采(cai)《昭(zhao)德(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》为(wei)《盛(sheng)德(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》,更造新歌,荐(jian)于武(wu)帝之(zhi)庙(miao)。据此(ci)而言,递相(xiang)因袭(xi),纵有改(gai)(gai)作(zuo)(zuo),并(bing)宗(zong)(zong)于《韶》。至明帝时(shi),东平献王采(cai)《文德(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》为(wei)《大武(wu)》之(zhi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),荐(jian)于光(guang)武(wu)之(zhi)庙(miao)。
汉末大(da)乱,乐章沦缺,魏武(wu)(wu)平荆州,获(huo)杜(du)夔(kui)(kui),以为(wei)(wei)军谋祭酒,使创雅乐。时散骑侍郎邓静(jing)善咏雅歌,乐师(shi)尹胡(hu)能习宗祀之(zhi)曲,舞(wu)师(shi)冯肃晓(xiao)知先(xian)代诸舞(wu)。总练(lian)研精(jing),复(fu)于古乐,自夔(kui)(kui)始(shi)(shi)也。文(wen)帝黄初(chu)(chu),改《昭(zhao)容》之(zhi)乐为(wei)(wei)《昭(zhao)业乐》,《武(wu)(wu)德》之(zhi)舞(wu)为(wei)(wei)《武(wu)(wu)颂舞(wu)》,《文(wen)始(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)舞(wu)为(wei)(wei)《大(da)韶(shao)舞(wu)》,《五行》之(zhi)舞(wu)为(wei)(wei)《大(da)武(wu)(wu)舞(wu)》。明帝初(chu)(chu),公卿奏上太祖武(wu)(wu)皇(huang)帝乐曰《武(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)舞(wu),高祖文(wen)皇(huang)帝乐曰《咸熙(xi)》之(zhi)舞(wu)。又制乐舞(wu),名曰《章斌》之(zhi)舞(wu),有事于天(tian)地宗庙(miao)及临(lin)朝大(da)飨,并用之(zhi)。
晋武帝泰(tai)始二年,遣傅玄等(deng)造行礼及上寿食举歌诗。张华表曰(yue):“按汉、魏(wei)所用,虽诗章辞异,兴废随时,至其韵逗曲折,并系于旧,一皆因(yin)袭,不敢有(you)所改也。” 九(jiu)年,荀勖典乐,使(shi)郭(guo)夏(xia)、宋(song)识造《正德》、《大豫(yu)》之舞(wu)。改魏(wei)《昭武舞(wu)》曰(yue)《宣武舞(wu)》,羽籥舞(wu)曰(yue)《宜文舞(wu)》。江左(zuo)(zuo)之初,典章堙紊,贺循(xun)为太常卿,始有(you)登歌之乐。大宁末,阮孚等(deng)又增(zeng)益之。咸和间,鸠(jiu)集遗(yi)逸,鄴没胡后(hou),乐人颇复(fu)南(nan)度,东晋因(yin)之,以具(ju)钟(zhong)律。太元间,破(po)苻永(yong)固,又获乐工(gong)杨蜀等(deng),闲(xian)练旧乐,于是金石(shi)始备。寻其设(she)悬音调,并与江左(zuo)(zuo)是同。
慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)垂(chui)破慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)永于长子,尽获苻氏旧乐(le)(le)。垂(chui)息(xi)为(wei)(wei)魏(wei)所败,其钟(zhong)律令李佛等(deng),将太乐(le)(le)细伎,奔(ben)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)德(de)于鄴。德(de)迁(qian)都(dou)广固,子超嗣(si)立,其母先没姚(yao)兴,超以太乐(le)(le)伎一百二(er)十(shi)人(ren)诣兴赎母。及宋武帝(di)入关,悉收南渡(du)。永初元年(nian),改(gai)(gai)《正德(de)舞(wu)》曰(yue)《前(qian)舞(wu)》,《大(da)(da)武舞(wu)》曰(yue)《后(hou)舞(wu)》。文(wen)帝(di)元嘉(jia)九年(nian),太乐(le)(le)令钟(zhong)宗之(zhi),更(geng)调金石。至十(shi)四年(nian),典(dian)书令奚(xi)纵,复改(gai)(gai)定之(zhi)。又有(you)《凯(kai)容(rong)(rong)》、《宣(xuan)业(ye)》之(zhi)舞(wu),齐代因而用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)。萧子显《齐书·志》曰(yue):“宋孝建(jian)初,朝议(yi)以《凯(kai)容(rong)(rong)舞(wu)》为(wei)(wei)《韶舞(wu)》,《宣(xuan)业(ye)舞(wu)》为(wei)(wei)《武德(de)舞(wu)》。据《韶》为(wei)(wei)言,《宣(xuan)业(ye)》即是古之(zhi)《大(da)(da)武》,非《武德(de)》也。”故《志》有(you)《前(qian)舞(wu)凯(kai)容(rong)(rong)》歌辞,《后(hou)舞(wu)凯(kai)容(rong)(rong)》歌辞者(zhe)矣。至于梁初,犹(you)用(yong)(yong)《凯(kai)容(rong)(rong)》、《宣(xuan)业(ye)》之(zhi)舞(wu),后(hou)改(gai)(gai)为(wei)(wei)《大(da)(da)壮》、《大(da)(da)观》焉。今人(ren)犹(you)唤(huan)《大(da)(da)观》为(wei)(wei)《前(qian)舞(wu)》,故知乐(le)(le)名虽随代而改(gai)(gai),声韵曲折,理应(ying)常同(tong)。
前克荆(jing)州,得(de)(de)梁家雅(ya)曲,今平(ping)蒋(jiang)州,又得(de)(de)陈(chen)氏正乐。史传相承,以(yi)为(wei)合(he)古。且观(guan)其(qi)曲体,用声(sheng)有(you)次,请修缉之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)备雅(ya)乐。其(qi)后(hou)魏(wei)洛阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)曲,据《魏(wei)史》云(yun)“太武(wu)平(ping)赫连昌所(suo)得(de)(de)”,更无明证。后(hou)周所(suo)用者,皆是新(xin)造(zao),杂有(you)边裔之(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)。戎音乱(luan)华,皆不可用。请悉停之(zhi)(zhi)。
制曰:“制礼(li)作乐,圣人之事也,功成化洽,方可(ke)议(yi)之。今宇内初平,正化未洽。遽有变(bian)革(ge),我则未暇。”晋王(wang)广(guang)又表请(qing),帝(di)乃许之。
牛弘(hong)(hong)遂因郑译(yi)之(zhi)旧,又请依古五声六律(lv),旋(xuan)相为宫(gong)。雅(ya)乐(le)每宫(gong)但一调(diao),唯迎气奏(zou)五调(diao),谓之(zhi)五音(yin)。缦乐(le)用七调(diao),祭祀(si)施(shi)用。各依声律(lv)尊卑(bei)为次。高(gao)祖犹忆妥言,注弘(hong)(hong)奏(zou)下,不(bu)许作旋(xuan)宫(gong)之(zhi)乐(le),但作黄钟一宫(gong)而已。于是(shi)牛弘(hong)(hong)及(ji)秘(mi)书丞(cheng)姚(yao)察、通(tong)直散骑常侍许善心(xin)、仪(yi)同三司(si)刘臻、通(tong)直郎虞世基等,更(geng)共详(xiang)议(yi)曰:
后周(zhou)之(zhi)时,以(yi)四声降神,虽采《周(zhou)礼》,而年代(dai)深远,其(qi)法(fa)久绝,不(bu)可(ke)依用。谨案(an)《司(si)乐(le)》:“凡乐(le),圜(yuan)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)宫,黄(huang)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)角,太簇(cu)为(wei)(wei)徵,姑洗(xi)为(wei)(wei)羽,舞《云门》以(yi)祭天(tian)。函钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)宫,太簇(cu)为(wei)(wei)角,姑洗(xi)为(wei)(wei)徵,南(nan)吕(lv)为(wei)(wei)羽,舞《咸(xian)池》以(yi)祭地。黄(huang)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)宫,大吕(lv)为(wei)(wei)角,太簇(cu)为(wei)(wei)徵,圜(yuan)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)羽,舞《韵》以(yi)祀(si)宗庙。”马融(rong)曰(yue)(yue):“圜(yuan)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),应钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)。”贾逵、郑玄(xuan)曰(yue)(yue):“圜(yuan)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),夹钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)。”郑玄(xuan)又云:“此(ci)(ci)乐(le)无商声,祭尚(shang)柔刚,故(gu)不(bu)用也(ye)。”干宝云:“不(bu)言商,商为(wei)(wei)臣。王者自(zi)(zi)谓,故(gu)置其(qi)实而去其(qi)名,若曰(yue)(yue)有天(tian)地人物(wu),无德以(yi)主之(zhi),谦(qian)以(yi)自(zi)(zi)牧也(ye)。”先儒(ru)解释,既莫(mo)知适从。然(ran)此(ci)(ci)四声,非直无商,又律(lv)管乖次,以(yi)其(qi)为(wei)(wei)乐(le),无克(ke)谐之(zhi)理。今古(gu)事异,不(bu)可(ke)得(de)而行也(ye)。
按《东观(guan)书·马防(fang)传》,太子(zi)(zi)丞鲍鄴等上(shang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)事,下(xia)(xia)防(fang)。防(fang)奏言(yan)(yan):“建初二(er)年七(qi)月(yue)(yue)鄴上(shang)言(yan)(yan),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)食饮,必顺(shun)于四时五(wu)味,而有(you)食举之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)顺(shun)天(tian)(tian)地(di),养神(shen)明(ming),求福应也(ye)。今官(guan)雅乐(le)独有(you)黄钟(zhong)(zhong),而食举乐(le)但有(you)太簇,皆不应月(yue)(yue)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),恐伤气(qi)(qi)类。可作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)十二(er)月(yue)(yue)均,各应其(qi)月(yue)(yue)气(qi)(qi)。公(gong)卿朝会,得(de)闻月(yue)(yue)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),乃能感(gan)天(tian)(tian),和(he)气(qi)(qi)宜应。诏下(xia)(xia)太常评焉。太常上(shang)言(yan)(yan),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)器直钱百四十六(liu)(liu)万,奏寝。今明(ming)诏复下(xia)(xia),臣防(fang)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)可须上(shang)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)时,因(yin)岁首之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘉(jia)月(yue)(yue),发太簇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),奏雅颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin),以(yi)(yi)迎(ying)和(he)气(qi)(qi)。”其(qi)条贯甚具,遂独施行。起于十月(yue)(yue),为(wei)迎(ying)气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)矣。又(you)《顺(shun)帝纪》云(yun):“阳(yang)嘉(jia)二(er)年冬十月(yue)(yue)庚午,以(yi)(yi)春秋为(wei)辟(pi)雍(yong),隶太学,随月(yue)(yue)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。十月(yue)(yue)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)应钟(zhong)(zhong),三月(yue)(yue)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)姑洗。元(yuan)和(he)以(yi)(yi)来(lai),音(yin)(yin)戾(li)不调(diao),修复黄钟(zhong)(zhong),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)器,如旧典(dian)。”据此(ci)而言(yan)(yan),汉乐(le)宫(gong)悬有(you)黄钟(zhong)(zhong)均,食举太簇均,止(zhi)有(you)二(er)均,不旋相为(wei)宫(gong),亦以(yi)(yi)明(ming)矣。计从元(yuan)和(he)至(zhi)阳(yang)嘉(jia)二(er)年,才(cai)五(wu)十岁,用而复止(zhi)。验(yan)黄帝听(ting)凤(feng)以(yi)(yi)制律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吕,《尚书》曰“予(yu)欲闻六(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)五(wu)声”,《周(zhou)礼》有(you)“分(fen)乐(le)而祭”。此(ci)圣人制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),以(yi)(yi)合天(tian)(tian)地(di)阴(yin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he),自然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,乃云(yun)音(yin)(yin)戾(li)不调(diao),斯言(yan)(yan)诬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚也(ye)。
今梁、陈雅曲(qu),并(bing)用(yong)(yong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。按《礼(li)》:“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)十(shi)二律,还相(xiang)为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。”卢植云(yun)(yun): “十(shi)二月(yue)三管(guan)(guan)流(liu)转用(yong)(yong)事,当(dang)用(yong)(yong)事者为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),君也。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan)曰(yue):“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、商、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)、羽(yu)。其(qi)阳管(guan)(guan)为(wei)律,阴管(guan)(guan)为(wei)吕(lv)。布十(shi)二辰,更(geng)相(xiang)为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),始自黄钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),终于(yu)南吕(lv),凡(fan)(fan)六十(shi)也。”皇侃疏:“还相(xiang)为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者,十(shi)一月(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)黄钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),十(shi)二月(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大吕(lv)为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),正月(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)太簇为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。馀月(yue)放此。凡(fan)(fan)十(shi)二管(guan)(guan),各(ge)备五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),合六十(shi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)一调(diao)(diao),故十(shi)二调(diao)(diao)。” 此即释郑(zheng)义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)文,无用(yong)(yong)商、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)、羽(yu)为(wei)别调(diao)(diao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法矣。《乐(le)稽耀嘉(jia)》曰(yue):“东方春,其(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)角(jiao),乐(le)当(dang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)夹(jia)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。馀方各(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)中律为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。”若有商、角(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,不得(de)云(yun)(yun)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)夹(jia)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也。又(you)云(yun)(yun):“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)音非(fei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不调(diao)(diao),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)味非(fei)甘(gan)不和。”又(you)《动声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仪》:“宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)唱而(er)商和,是谓善本(ben),太平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)也。”《周礼(li)》:“奏黄钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),歌大吕(lv),以(yi)(yi)(yi)祀天神。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan) “以(yi)(yi)(yi)黄钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大吕(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)均(jun)。”均(jun),调(diao)(diao)也。故崔(cui)灵恩(en)云(yun)(yun):“六乐(le)十(shi)二调(diao)(diao),亦不独(du)论商、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)、羽(yu)也。”又(you)云(yun)(yun):“凡(fan)(fan)六乐(le)者,皆文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),播之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)八音。”故知(zhi)每曲(qu)皆须(xu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)八音错综(zong)而(er)能成(cheng)也。《御寇子》云(yun)(yun):“师文鼓琴,命宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)总四声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),则庆云(yun)(yun)浮,景(jing)风翔。”唯《韩诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun):“闻(wen)其(qi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),使人温厚(hou)而(er)宽(kuan)大。闻(wen)其(qi)商声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),使人方廉而(er)好义。”及古有清角(jiao)、清徵(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)。此则当(dang)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)曲(qu)。今以(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)引(yin)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),迎气所用(yong)(yong)者是也。馀曲(qu)悉用(yong)(yong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不劳商、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)、羽(yu)。何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)知(zhi)?荀勖论三调(diao)(diao)为(wei)均(jun)首者,得(de)正声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),明(ming)知(zhi)雅乐(le)悉在宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)调(diao)(diao)。已(yi)外(wai)徵(zhi)、羽(yu)、角(jiao),自为(wei)谣俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音耳。且(qie)西(xi)凉、龟兹(zi)杂伎(ji)等(deng),曲(qu)数既(ji)多,故得(de)隶于(yu)众调(diao)(diao),调(diao)(diao)各(ge)别曲(qu),至如(ru)雅乐(le)少,须(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)本(ben),历十(shi)二均(jun)而(er)作,不可分配(pei)余(yu)调(diao)(diao),更(geng)成(cheng)杂乱也。
其奏大抵如此。帝并从之(zhi)。故(gu)隋代雅乐,唯奏黄钟一宫,郊庙(miao)飨用(yong)一调(diao),迎气用(yong)五调(diao)。旧工更尽,其馀声(sheng)律,皆不复通。或有能为蕤宾之(zhi)宫者(zhe)(zhe),享祀之(zhi)际肆之(zhi),竟无觉者(zhe)(zhe)。
弘又(you)修(xiu)皇后房内(nei)之乐(le),据(ju)毛苌、侯苞、孙毓故事(shi)(shi),皆有钟声(sheng),而(er)(er)王肃之意(yi),乃言不(bu)可。又(you)陈统云:“妇人(ren)无外(wai)事(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)阴教(jiao)尚(shang)柔(rou),柔(rou)以静为体(ti),不(bu)宜用(yong)于钟。”弘等采(cai)肃、统以取(qu)正焉(yan)。高祖龙潜时,颇好(hao)音乐(le),常(chang)倚(yi)琵琶,作歌二首(shou),名曰(yue)《地厚》、《天(tian)高》,托言夫妻之义。因(yin)即取(qu)之为房内(nei)曲(qu)。命妇人(ren)并登歌上寿并用(yong)之。职(zhi)在宫内(nei),女(nv)人(ren)教(jiao)习之。
初,后周故(gu)(gu)(gu)事,悬钟(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)法(fa)(fa),七(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)七(qi)(qi)(qi)倍,合为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)。盖准变宫(gong)、变徵,凡为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng),有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)倍,而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)也。长孙绍(shao)远引《国语》冷州鸠云:“武(wu)王伐殷,岁在鹑火(huo)。” 自鹑及(ji)驷,七(qi)(qi)(qi)位故(gu)(gu)(gu)也。既(ji)以(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)其(qi)数,而(er)以(yi)(yi)律和其(qi)声(sheng),于是(shi)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)律。又(you)(you)(you)引《尚(shang)书大传(chuan)》“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)”,其(qi)注云:“谓(wei)黄钟(zhong)(zhong)、林钟(zhong)(zhong)、太(tai)簇、南吕、姑洗(xi)、应(ying)钟(zhong)(zhong)、蕤宾也。” 歌声(sheng)不应(ying)此者,皆(jie)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)据(ju)一(yi)均言也。宫(gong)、商、角、徵、羽为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),变宫(gong)、变徵为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和,加倍而(er)有(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)焉。又(you)(you)(you)梁武(wu)帝加以(yi)(yi)浊倍,三七(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)而(er)同(tong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)架,虽取繁会,声(sheng)不合古。又(you)(you)(you)后魏时,公孙崇设(she)钟(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)倍,参悬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。弘(hong)等并(bing)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)非,而(er)据(ju)《周官(guan)·小胥(xu)职》“悬钟(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing),半之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)堵(du),全之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)肆”。郑玄(xuan)曰(yue):“钟(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)编悬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),二(er)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)六而(er)在一(yi)虡。钟(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)堵(du),磬(qing)一(yi)堵(du),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肆。”又(you)(you)(you)引《乐纬》“宫(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君,商为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣,君臣皆(jie)尊,各置一(yi)副(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)加十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)而(er)悬十(shi)(shi)(shi)六”。又(you)(you)(you)据(ju)汉成帝时,犍为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)滨(bin)得石磬(qing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六枚,此皆(jie)悬八之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也。悬钟(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)法(fa)(fa),每虡准之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),悬八用七(qi)(qi)(qi),不取近周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)悬七(qi)(qi)(qi)也。
又参用(yong)《仪(yi)礼(li)》及《尚书大传(chuan)》,为宫悬(xuan)陈布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。北(bei)(bei)方(fang)北(bei)(bei)向,应(ying)钟(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)西,磬(qing)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),黄(huang)钟(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),钟(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),大吕(lv)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)东(dong)陈。一(yi)建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)东(dong),东(dong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。东(dong)方(fang)西向,太(tai)簇起(qi)北(bei)(bei),磬(qing)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),夹(jia)钟(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),钟(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),姑(gu)洗次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)南(nan)陈。一(yi)建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)南(nan),东(dong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。南(nan)方(fang)北(bei)(bei)向,中吕(lv)起(qi)东(dong),钟(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),蕤(rui)宾(bin)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),磬(qing)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),林钟(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)西陈。一(yi)建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)西,西鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。西方(fang)东(dong)向,夷则起(qi)南(nan),钟(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),南(nan)吕(lv)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),磬(qing)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无(wu)射次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)北(bei)(bei)陈。一(yi)建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)北(bei)(bei),西鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)大射,则撤北(bei)(bei)面(mian)而加(jia)钲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。祭天用(yong)雷鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、雷鼗(tao),祭地用(yong)灵鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、灵鼗(tao),宗庙用(yong)路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、路鼗(tao)。各(ge)两设在(zai)悬(xuan)内。
又(you)准《仪礼》,宫(gong)悬(xuan)四(si)面(mian)设镈(bo)(bo)钟(zhong)(zhong)十二(er)(er)虡(ju)(ju),各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)依辰(chen)位。又(you)甲、丙、庚、壬(ren)位,各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)设钟(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)虡(ju)(ju),乙、丁、辛、癸(gui)位,各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)陈磬一(yi)虡(ju)(ju)。共为(wei)二(er)(er)十虡(ju)(ju)。其(qi)宗庙殿庭(ting)郊(jiao)丘社(she)并同(tong)(tong)。树建(jian)鼓(gu)于四(si)隅,以象二(er)(er)十四(si)气。依月为(wei)均,四(si)箱(xiang)同(tong)(tong)作(zuo),盖取毛传《诗》云“四(si)悬(xuan)皆同(tong)(tong)”之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。古者(zhe)(zhe)镈(bo)(bo)钟(zhong)(zhong)据《仪礼》击(ji)为(wei)节检(jian),而无(wu)合曲(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。又(you)大射有(you)二(er)(er)镈(bo)(bo),皆乱击(ji)焉(yan),乃无(wu)成曲(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)理。依后周以十二(er)(er)镈(bo)(bo)相生击(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),声韵克(ke)谐。每镈(bo)(bo)钟(zhong)(zhong)、建(jian)鼓(gu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。每钟(zhong)(zhong)、磬簨虡(ju)(ju)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),歌二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren),执节一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),琴、瑟(se)、筝、筑各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。每钟(zhong)(zhong)虡(ju)(ju),竽、笙(sheng)、箫、笛(di)、埙、篪各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。悬(xuan)内柷(zhu)、敔各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),柷(zhu)在东,吾(wu)在西。二(er)(er)舞各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)八佾。乐(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆平巾帻、绛褠衣。乐(le)(le)器并采(cai)《周官》,参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)梁代,择用其(qi)尤(you)善者(zhe)(zhe)。其(qi)簨虡(ju)(ju)皆金五博(bo)山,饰以崇牙,树羽旒苏。其(qi)乐(le)(le)器应漆(qi)者(zhe)(zhe),天地之(zhi)(zhi)神皆硃漆(qi),宗庙及殿庭(ting)则(ze)(ze)五色(se)漆(qi)画。晋、宋(song)故事(shi),箱(xiang)别各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)柷(zhu)、敔,既(ji)同(tong)(tong)时戛之(zhi)(zhi),今则(ze)(ze)不(bu)用。
又《周官·大(da)司乐(le)》:“奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)黄(huang)钟(zhong),歌(ge)(ge)大(da)吕,舞(wu)《云门》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)神。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)太(tai)簇,歌(ge)(ge)应钟(zhong),舞(wu)《咸池》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭地(di)祇(zhi)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)姑(gu)(gu)洗,歌(ge)(ge)南吕,舞(wu)《大(da)韶》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)四望。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)蕤(rui)(rui)宾(bin)(bin),歌(ge)(ge)函(han)钟(zhong),舞(wu)《大(da)夏》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭山川。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)夷则(ze),歌(ge)(ge)小(xiao)吕,舞(wu)《大(da)护》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享先(xian)妣(bi)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)无射(she)(she),歌(ge)(ge)夹钟(zhong),舞(wu)《大(da)武》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享先(xian)祖。”此乃(nai)周制,立(li)二(er)王三(san)恪(ke),通己为六代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。至四时祭祀(si)(si),则(ze)分而用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六乐(le)配十(shi)二(er)调(diao),一代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le),则(ze)用二(er)调(diao)矣(yi)。隋去(qu)六代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le),又无四望、先(xian)妣(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭,今(jin)既(ji)与古(gu)祭法有别,乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神祗位次分乐(le)配焉。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)黄(huang)钟(zhong),歌(ge)(ge)大(da)吕,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)圆丘。黄(huang)钟(zhong)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宣六气也,耀魄天(tian)(tian)神,最为尊极,故奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)黄(huang)钟(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)太(tai)簇,歌(ge)(ge)应钟(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭方(fang)泽(ze)。太(tai)簇所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赞阳出(chu)滞,昆仑(lun)厚载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,故奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)太(tai)簇以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)姑(gu)(gu)洗,歌(ge)(ge)南吕,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)、神州。姑(gu)(gu)洗所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)涤洁(jie)百物,五(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)神州,天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次,故奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)姑(gu)(gu)洗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)蕤(rui)(rui)宾(bin)(bin),歌(ge)(ge)函(han)钟(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭宗庙(miao)。蕤(rui)(rui)宾(bin)(bin)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)静神人,祖宗有国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,故奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)蕤(rui)(rui)宾(bin)(bin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)夷则(ze),歌(ge)(ge)小(xiao)吕,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭社稷、先(xian)农。夷则(ze)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咏歌(ge)(ge)九谷,贵在秋成,故奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)夷则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)无射(she)(she),歌(ge)(ge)夹钟(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭巡狩方(fang)岳。无射(she)(she)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示人轨物,观风望秩,故奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)无射(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。同(tong)用文(wen)武二(er)舞(wu)。其(qi)圆丘降(jiang)神六变(bian)(bian),方(fang)泽(ze)降(jiang)神八变(bian)(bian),宗庙(miao)禘(di)祫降(jiang)神九变(bian)(bian),皆用《昭(zhao)夏》。其(qi)余祭享皆一变(bian)(bian)。又《周礼》,王出(chu),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《王夏》,尸(shi)出(chu),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏》。叔(shu)孙通法,迎神奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《嘉至》。今(jin)亦随事立(li)名。皇帝入出(chu),皆奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《皇夏》。群官入出(chu),皆奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏》。食(shi)举上(shang)寿,奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《需夏》。迎、送(song)神,奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《昭(zhao)夏》。荐献郊(jiao)庙(miao),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《诚夏》。宴飨殿上(shang),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)登歌(ge)(ge)。并文(wen)舞(wu)武舞(wu),合为八曲(qu)。古(gu)有宫、商、角、徵(zhi)、羽五(wu)(wu)引,梁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)朝元会奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)改为五(wu)(wu)音(yin),其(qi)声悉(xi)依(yi)宫商,不使差越(yue)。唯迎气于五(wu)(wu)郊(jiao),降(jiang)神奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《月令》所(suo)(suo)谓“孟春其(qi)音(yin)角”是(shi)也。通前为十(shi)三(san)曲(qu)。并内宫所(suo)(suo)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《天(tian)(tian)高(gao)》、《地(di)厚》二(er)曲(qu),于房(fang)中奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),合十(shi)五(wu)(wu)曲(qu)。
其登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)法,准《礼(li)·效特牲》“歌(ge)(ge)(ge)者在(zai)上,匏竹在(zai)下。”《大(da)戴》云:“清(qing)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),悬(xuan)一(yi)磬而(er)尚拊搏。”又在(zai)汉代(dai),独(du)登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)者,不以(yi)丝竹乱人(ren)(ren)声。近(jin)代(dai)以(yi)来,有(you)登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)五人(ren)(ren),别升(sheng)于上,丝竹一(yi)部,进处阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)前。此(ci)(ci)盖《尚书》“戛击鸣球,搏拊琴(qin)瑟(se)以(yi)咏,祖(zu)考(kao)来格”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也。梁武《乐论》以(yi)为登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)者颂祖(zu)宗功业,检《礼(li)记》乃(nai)非(fei)元日所奏。若(ruo)三(san)朝大(da)庆,百(bai)辟(pi)俱陈,升(sheng)工籍殿,以(yi)咏祖(zu)考(kao),君(jun)臣相对,便须(xu)涕洟(yi)。以(yi)此(ci)(ci)说(shuo)非(fei)通,还以(yi)嘉庆用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。后周登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),备钟(zhong)、磬、琴(qin)、瑟(se),阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)上设(she)笙(sheng)、管(guan)。今(jin)(jin)遂因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。合(he)于《仪礼(li)》荷瑟(se)升(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),及(ji)笙(sheng)入,立于阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)下,间(jian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)合(he)乐,是燕饮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事矣。登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)法,十有(you)四人(ren)(ren),钟(zhong)东(dong)磬西(xi),工各一(yi)人(ren)(ren),琴(qin)、瑟(se)、筝、筑各一(yi)人(ren)(ren),并歌(ge)(ge)(ge)者三(san)人(ren)(ren),执节七(qi)人(ren)(ren),并坐阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)上。笙(sheng)、竽、箫、笛、埙(xun)、篪各一(yi)人(ren)(ren),并立阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)下。悉进贤(xian)冠,绛公(gong)服。斟(zhen)酌古今(jin)(jin),参而(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。祀(si)神宴会通行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)有(you)大(da)祀(si)临轩,陈于阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)坛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上。若(ruo)册(ce)拜(bai)王公(gong),设(she)宫悬(xuan),不用(yong)登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)。释奠(dian)则唯(wei)用(yong)登(deng)(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),而(er)不设(she)悬(xuan)。
古(gu)者人君食(shi)(shi),皆用(yong)当月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)调,以取时律(lv)之(zhi)声。使不失五(wu)常之(zhi)性,调暢四体,令(ling)得时气(qi)之(zhi)和。故鲍鄴(ye)上言,天子(zi)食(shi)(shi)饮,必顺四时,有食(shi)(shi)举(ju)乐(le),所以顺天地,养神(shen)明(ming),可作十二月(yue)(yue)均,感天和气(qi)。此则殿庭月(yue)(yue)调之(zhi)义也。祭祀既已分乐(le),临轩朝会,并用(yong)当月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)律(lv)。正月(yue)(yue)悬太簇之(zhi)均,乃至十二月(yue)(yue)悬大吕之(zhi)均,欲感君人情性,允(yun)协(xie)阴阳之(zhi)序也。
又(you)文舞(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)四(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren),并(bing)黑(hei)介(jie)帻,冠(guan)进贤(xian)冠(guan),绛纱连裳(shang),内(nei)单,皁褾、领、衤巽、裾、革带,乌皮履。十(shi)(shi)六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)鸑(yue)。十(shi)(shi)六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)O。十(shi)(shi)六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)旄。十(shi)(shi)六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu)(yu),左手皆执(zhi)(zhi)籥(yue)(yue)(yue)。二人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)纛,引前,在(zai)(zai)(zai)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)数外,衣冠(guan)同(tong)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)四(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren),并(bing)服(fu)武(wu)弁,硃(zhu)褠衣,革带,乌皮履。左执(zhi)(zhi)硃(zhu)干(gan)(gan),右执(zhi)(zhi)大戚(qi),依(yi)硃(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉(yu)戚(qi)之(zhi)文。二人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)旌,居前,二人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)鼗,二人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)铎。金錞二,四(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)舆,二人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)。二人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)铙(nao)次之(zhi)。二人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)相,在(zai)(zai)(zai)左,二人(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)(zhi)雅,在(zai)(zai)(zai)右,各工一人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)。自(zi)旌以(yi)下来引,并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)数外,衣冠(guan)同(tong)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。《周(zhou)官(guan)》所谓“以(yi)金錞和(he)鼓(gu)(gu),金镯(zhuo)节鼓(gu)(gu),金铙(nao)止鼓(gu)(gu),金铎通鼓(gu)(gu)”也(ye)。又(you)依(yi)《乐(le)记(ji)》象德(de)(de)拟功(gong),初(chu)来就位(wei),总干(gan)(gan)而(er)山立,思君道之(zhi)难(nan)也(ye)。发扬(yang)蹈(dao)厉(li),威而(er)不残也(ye)。舞(wu)(wu)(wu)乱皆坐,四(si)海咸安也(ye)。武(wu),始而(er)受命,再成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)定山东(dong),三(san)成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)平蜀道,四(si)成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)北狄是通,五成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)江(jiang)南是拓,六(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)复缀,以(yi)阐太平。高(gao)祖(zu)曰:“不须象功(gong)德(de)(de),直象事(shi)可也(ye)。”然竟(jing)用之(zhi)。近代舞(wu)(wu)(wu)出(chu)入皆作(zuo)乐(le),谓之(zhi)阶步(bu),咸用《肆夏》。今亦依(yi)定,即《周(zhou)官(guan)》所谓乐(le)出(chu)入奏钟鼓(gu)(gu)也(ye)。又(you)魏、晋故事(shi),有(you)《矛(mao)俞(yu)(yu)》、《弩(nu)俞(yu)(yu)》及硃(zhu)儒导(dao)引。今据《尚(shang)书(shu)》直云干(gan)(gan)羽(yu)(yu),《礼》文称(cheng)羽(yu)(yu)籥(yue)(yue)(yue)干(gan)(gan)戚(qi)。今文舞(wu)(wu)(wu)执(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu)(yu)籥(yue)(yue)(yue),武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)执(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)戚(qi),其《矛(mao)俞(yu)(yu)》、《弩(nu)俞(yu)(yu)》等,盖汉高(gao)祖(zu)自(zi)汉中归(gui),巴、俞(yu)(yu)之(zhi)兵,执(zhi)(zhi)仗(zhang)而(er)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。既(ji)非正典,悉罢不用。
十四年(nian)三(san)月,乐(le)(le)定。秘书监(jian)、奇章(zhang)县公牛弘,秘书丞、北绛郡公姚(yao)(yao)察,通直散骑常侍(shi)、虞部侍(shi)郎(lang)许(xu)善心,兼(jian)内史舍人虞世基,仪同三(san)司、东(dong)宫学(xue)士饶阳(yang)伯刘臻等(deng)奏(zou)曰:“臣闻蒉(kui)桴(fu)土鼓(gu),由来斯尚,雷出地奋,著自《易(yi)经》。邃古帝(di)王,经邦驭物(wu),揖(yi)让(rang)而临天(tian)下者(zhe),祀乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)谓也。秦焚(fen)经典,乐(le)(le)书亡缺,爰至(zhi)汉兴(xing),始加鸠采(cai),祖(zu)述(shu)增(zeng)广,缉成朝(chao)宪(xian)。魏、晋相承,更(geng)加论讨,沿革(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)宜,备(bei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)故实(shi)。永嘉之(zhi)(zhi)后,九服(fu)崩离(li),燕、石、苻(fu)、姚(yao)(yao),遁据华土。此其(qi)(qi)戎乎(hu),何必伊川之(zhi)(zhi)上,吾其(qi)(qi)左衽(ren),无复微管(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。前(qian)言往式,于(yu)(yu)(yu)斯而尽(jin)。金陵(ling)建社(she),朝(chao)士南奔,帝(di)则皇规,粲然(ran)更(geng)备(bei),与内原隔绝,三(san)百(bai)年(nian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)兹矣。伏惟明圣膺(ying)期,会昌在(zai)运。今南征所获梁、陈乐(le)(le)人,及晋、宋旗章(zhang),宛然(ran)俱至(zhi)。曩(nang)代所不服(fu)者(zhe),今悉服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi),前(qian)朝(chao)所未得(de)者(zhe),今悉得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)。化(hua)洽功(gong)成,于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)乎(hu)在(zai)。臣等(deng)伏奉明诏,详定雅乐(le)(le),博访知音,旁求儒彦(yan),研(yan)校是(shi)非,定其(qi)(qi)去就,取为一代正乐(le)(le),具在(zai)本司。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)并(bing)撰歌(ge)辞三(san)十首,诏并(bing)令施(shi)用,见(jian)行(xing)者(zhe)皆停之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)人间音乐(le)(le),流僻日久,弃其(qi)(qi)旧体者(zhe),并(bing)加禁约,务存其(qi)(qi)本。
先是(shi)高祖遣内史侍郎李元操(cao)、直内史省(sheng)卢思道(dao)等,列清(qing)庙歌(ge)(ge)(ge)辞十二曲。令(ling)齐(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)人(ren)曹妙达(da)于(yu)(yu)太乐(le)(le)(le)教(jiao)习,以代周歌(ge)(ge)(ge)。其(qi)初迎(ying)神(shen)(shen)(shen)七(qi)言(yan),象《元基曲》,献奠登(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)六言(yan),象《倾(qing)杯曲》,送神(shen)(shen)(shen)礼毕(bi)五言(yan),象《行(xing)天曲》。至(zhi)是(shi)弘等但改其(qi)声,合于(yu)(yu)钟(zhong)律,而辞经(jing)敕定,不(bu)(bu)敢易之(zhi)(zhi)。至(zhi)仁(ren)寿元年,炀帝(di)初为皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太子(zi),从(cong)飨(xiang)于(yu)(yu)太庙,闻而非(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)。乃上言(yan)曰:“清(qing)庙歌(ge)(ge)(ge)辞,文多浮丽,不(bu)(bu)足(zu)以述宣功德(de),请更议定。”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)制诏(zhao)吏部(bu)(bu)尚书、奇章(zhang)公弘,开府仪同三司(si)、领太子(zi)洗马(ma)柳顾言(yan),秘书丞(cheng)、摄太常少卿许善心,内史舍人(ren)虞世基,礼部(bu)(bu)侍郎蔡徵等,更详(xiang)故实(shi),创制雅乐(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)辞。其(qi)祠圆丘(qiu),皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)入,至(zhi)版位(wei)定,奏(zou)(zou)《昭(zhao)夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le),以降(jiang)天神(shen)(shen)(shen)。升坛(tan),奏(zou)(zou)《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。受玉帛,登(deng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),奏(zou)(zou)《昭(zhao)夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)降(jiang)南陛,诣罍(lei)洗,洗爵讫(qi),升坛(tan),并奏(zou)(zou)《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)夏(xia)(xia)》。初升坛(tan),俎入,奏(zou)(zou)《昭(zhao)夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)初献,奏(zou)(zou)《諴夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)既献,作文舞之(zhi)(zhi)舞。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)饮(yin)福酒,作《需夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)反爵于(yu)(yu)坫,还本位(wei),奏(zou)(zou)《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。武舞出,作《肆夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。送神(shen)(shen)(shen)作《昭(zhao)夏(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。就燎位(wei),还大次,并奏(zou)(zou)《皇(huang)(huang)(huang)夏(xia)(xia)》。
圜丘:
降(jiang)神(shen),奏《昭夏》辞(ci):
肃祭典,协良(liang)辰。具嘉荐(jian),俟皇臻。礼方(fang)成,乐已变。感灵心,回天眷。辟华阙,下乾宫。乘精气(qi),御祥(xiang)风。望爟(guan)火,通田烛(zhu)。膺(ying)介(jie)圭,受(shou)瑄玉。神之(zhi)临,庆阴(yin)阳。烟衢洞,宸路(lu)深。善既福,德斯辅(fu)。流鸿祚(zuo),遍区宇。
皇(huang)帝升坛,奏(zou)《皇(huang)夏》辞:
于穆我君,昭明有融。道济(ji)区域,功格玄穹(qiong)。百(bai)神警卫,万国承风,仁深德厚,信洽义丰。明发思政,勤忧在躬(gong)。鸿(hong)基惟永,福祚长隆。
登歌辞:
德深礼(li)大(da),道高飨穆。就阳斯(si)恭,陟配惟肃。血纮升气,冕裘标服。诚感清玄,信陈史祝。祗承灵贶,载膺多福。
皇(huang)帝初(chu)献,奏(zou)《諴夏(xia)》辞:
肇(zhao)禋崇祀,大报尊灵。因高尽敬(jing),扫地(di)推诚。六宗随(sui)兆,五纬陪(pei)营。云和发韵(yun),孤(gu)竹扬清。我粢既洁(jie),我酌惟明。元神(shen)是鉴,百禄(lu)来成。
皇帝(di)既献(xian),奏文舞辞:
皇矣上帝(di),受命自天。睿图(tu)作极,文教遐宣。四(si)方监观,万品陶甄。有苗斯格,无(wu)得(de)称焉。天地之经,和(he)乐具举。体(ti)徵咸萃,要荒式(shi)序。正位(wei)履端,秋霜春(chun)雨。
皇帝饮福酒,奏《需夏》辞:
礼以(yi)恭事,荐以(yi)飨时。载(zai)清玄酒,备洁芗萁。回旒(liu)分爵,思媚轩墀。惠均撤俎,祥降受釐(li)。十伦以(yi)具,百福斯滋。克昌厥(jue)德,永(yong)祚(zuo)鸿基(ji)。
武舞辞:
御历(li)膺(ying)期,乘乾(qian)表则。成功戡乱,顺时经(jing)国。兵暢五材(cai),武弘七德。憬彼(bi)遐裔(yi),化行充塞。三道备举,二仪交泰。情发(fa)自中,义(yi)均(jun)莫大。祀敬恭肃,钟鼓繁会。万国斯(si)欢,兆人斯(si)赖。享(xiang)兹介(jie)福,康哉元首。惠我(wo)无疆,天长地久(jiu)。
送神奏《昭夏》辞:
享序(xu)洽,祀礼施(shi)。神之(zhi)驾(jia),严将驰。奔精驱(qu),长(zhang)离耀(yao)。牲(sheng)烟达(da),洁诚照(zhao)。腾日驭,鼓电(dian)鞭。辞下土,升上玄。瞻寥廓(kuo),杳无际(ji)。澹群心,留余惠。
皇(huang)帝就燎,还大次(ci),并奏(zou)《皇(huang)夏》,辞同上(shang)。
五郊歌辞五首:迎送神、登歌,与圜丘同。
青帝歌辞,奏角音:
震宫初动(dong),木德惟仁。龙(long)精戒旦,鸟历司(si)春。阳光煦(xu)物,温风先(xian)导(dao)。严处载惊,膏田已冒。牺牲丰洁(jie),金石和声(sheng)。怀柔备礼,明德惟馨。
赤帝歌辞,奏徵音:
长赢(ying)开序,炎上为德。执(zhi)礼司(si)萌,持衡(heng)御(yu)国(guo)。重离(li)得位(wei),芒种在(zai)时(shi)。含(han)樱(ying)荐实,木权垂蕤。庆(qing)赏既行(xing),高明(ming)可处。顺时(shi)立祭,事昭福举。
黄帝歌辞,奏宫音:
爰稼作土(tu),顺位(wei)称(cheng)坤。孕金成德(de),履艮为尊。黄本内(nei)色,宫实(shi)声始。万物资生,四时(shi)咸纪。灵坛汛扫,盛乐高张。威仪孔(kong)备,福履无疆。
白帝歌辞,奏商音:
西成肇节,盛德在秋。三农稍已,九谷行收。金气肃杀,商(shang)威P戾。严风鼓茎(jing),繁(fan)霜殒带。厉(li)兵诘暴(bao),敕法慎(shen)刑。神(shen)明(ming)降(jiang)嘏(gu),国步(bu)惟(wei)宁。
黑帝歌辞,奏羽音:
玄英(ying)启(qi)候,冥(ming)陵初起。虹(hong)藏于天(tian),雉化于水。严关重闭,星回日穷。黄钟动律,广(guang)莫生(sheng)风。玄樽示本,天(tian)产惟质。恩覃外(wai)区,福流景室。
感帝奏《諴夏》辞:迎送(song)神、登歌,与(yu)圜丘同。
禘祖垂(chui)典,郊天有章。以春之(zhi)孟,于(yu)国(guo)之(zhi)阳。茧栗惟诚,陶(tao)匏斯尚(shang)。人神接礼,明幽(you)交暢。火灵降祚(zuo),火历载隆(long)。蒸哉帝道,赫矣皇风(feng)。
雩祭奏《諴夏(xia)》辞:迎送神、登歌,与圜丘同。
硃(zhu)明启候时载阳,肃若旧典延五方。嘉荐(jian)以陈盛乐奏,气序和平(ping)资灵祐。公田(tian)既雨私亦濡,人殷俗富政化敷。
蜡祭奏《諴夏》辞:迎送(song)神(shen)、登歌,与圜(yuan)丘同。
四方(fang)有祀,八(ba)蜡酬功。收藏既毕(bi),榛葛送终(zhong)。使(shi)之必报,祭之斯索。三(san)时(shi)告劳,一日为泽。神(shen)祗必来,鳞(lin)羽咸致。惟(wei)义之尽,惟(wei)仁(ren)之至。年成物(wu)阜(fu),罢(ba)役息人。皇恩已洽(qia),灵庆无垠。
朝日、夕月歌诗二(er)首:迎送神(shen)、登歌,与圜丘同。
朝日奏《諴夏》辞:
扶木上朝暾,嵫山沉暮(mu)景。寒来游(you)晷(gui)促,暑至(zhi)驰辉永。时和(he)合璧耀,俗(su)泰重轮明。执圭(gui)尽(jin)昭事,服冕罄虔诚。
夕月奏《諴夏》辞:
澄(cheng)辉(hui)烛地(di)域,流耀镜天(tian)仪。历(li)草随弦(xian)长,珠胎逐望亏。成形表蟾兔,窃药资王母。西郊(jiao)礼既成,幽坛福惟厚。
方(fang)丘(qiu)(qiu)歌(ge)辞四首:唯此(ci)四者异,馀并同圜丘(qiu)(qiu)。
迎神奏《昭夏》辞:
柔功(gong)暢,阴(yin)德昭。陈瘗(yi)典,盛玄郊。篚幕清,膋(liao)鬯馥(fu)。皇情虔,具僚肃(su)。笙颂合,鼓鼗会。出桂旗(qi),屯(tun)孔盖。敬(jing)如在,肃(su)有(you)承。神胥乐,庆福膺。
奠玉帛登歌:
道(dao)惟生育,器(qi)乃包藏(zang)。报功称范,殷(yin)荐有常(chang),六瑚已馈,五齐流香。贵诚尚质,敬洽义彰(zhang)。神祚惟永,帝业增(zeng)昌。
皇(huang)地祇歌辞(ci),奏《諴夏》辞(ci):
厚(hou)载垂德,昆丘主神。阴(yin)坛吉礼,北至良辰。鉴水(shui)呈洁,牲栗表纯。樽壶夕视,币(bi)玉朝陈。群望(wang)咸秩,精灵毕臻。祚流(liu)于国,祉被(bei)于人。
送神歌辞(ci),奏《昭夏》辞(ci):
奠既彻(che),献已(yi)周。竦灵驾,逝(shi)远游。洞四极,匝九县(xian)。庆方流,祉恆遍。埋玉气,掩牲芬。晰(xi)神理,显国文。
神州(zhou)奏《諴夏(xia)》辞(ci):迎送神、登歌,与方丘同。
四海之内,一和之壤。地(di)曰神(shen)州,物赖(lai)生长。咸(xian)池既(ji)降,泰折斯(si)飨。牲(sheng)牷尚黑,珪玉实(shi)两。九宇载宁(ning),神(shen)功克广。
社稷歌辞四首:迎(ying)送神、登歌,与方丘同。
春祈社,奏(zou)《諴夏》辞:
厚(hou)地开灵,方坛(tan)崇祀。达以风露(lu),树之松(song)梓。勾萌既申,芟柞伊始。恭祈粢盛(sheng),载膺(ying)休(xiu)祉。
春祈稷(ji),奏《諴夏》辞:
粒食(shi)兴教,播厥有先。尊神致洁,报本惟(wei)虔。瞻榆束耒,望杏开(kai)田。方(fang)凭(ping)戬福(fu),伫咏丰年。
秋报社,奏《諴夏》辞(ci):
北墉申(shen)礼,单出表诚。丰牺入荐,华乐(le)在庭。原(yuan)显既(ji)平,泉流又清。如(ru)云已望(wang),高(gao)廪斯盈。
秋报(bao)稷(ji),奏《諴(xian)夏(xia)》辞(ci):
人天务急,农亦勤(qin)止(zhi)。或飐或藨,惟璟惟芑。凉风(feng)戒时,岁云秋矣。物成则报,功施必祀。
先农,奏(zou)《諴夏》辞:迎送神,与方丘(qiu)同。
农(nong)祥晨晰,土膏初起。春原俶载,青坛致(zhi)祀(si)。敛跸长阡,回旌外壝(wei)。房(fang)俎饰荐,山(shan)罍(lei)沈滓(zi)。亲(qin)事硃弦(xian),躬持黛(dai)耜。恭(gong)神务穑,受釐(li)降祉。
先圣(sheng)先师,奏《諴夏》辞:
经国立训(xun),学重教(jiao)先。《三坟》肇册,《五典(dian)》留篇。开凿理著,陶铸功宣。东胶西序,春诵夏弦。芳尘载仰,祀典(dian)无(wu)骞。
太庙歌辞:
迎神歌辞:
务本(ben)兴教,尊神体(ti)国。霜露感心(xin),享祀陈(chen)则。官(guan)联式序,奔(ben)走在庭。几筵(yan)结慕,裸献惟诚。嘉乐载(zai)合,神其降止。永言保之(zhi),锡以繁祉。
登歌辞:
孝熙严祖,师象敬(jing)宗。惟皇肃事(shi),有来邕(yong)邕(yong)。雕梁霞复(fu),绣(xiu)云重。观德自感,奉璋伊恭。彝(yi)斝尽(jin)饰(shi),羽(yu)缀(zhui)有容。升(sheng)歌(ge)发藻,景福来从。
俎入(ru)歌辞:郊丘、社、庙(miao)同。
祭本用初,祀由功举。骏(jun)奔咸会,供神有(you)序。明(ming)酌盈樽(zun),丰牺实俎。幽(you)金既(ji)荐,缋错维旅(lv)。享由明(ming)德,香非稷黍。载(zai)流嘉庆(qing),克固鸿绪。
皇高祖太原府君(jun)神室歌辞(ci):
缔基发祥,肇(zhao)源兴庆。乃仁乃哲,克明克令。庸(yong)宣国图,善流人咏(yong)。开我皇业,七(qi)百同盛。
皇(huang)曾祖康(kang)王神(shen)室歌辞:
皇(huang)条俊茂,帝系(xi)灵长。丰功叠(die)轨,厚(hou)利重光。福(fu)由善积,代以(yi)德彰。严恭(gong)尽(jin)礼,永锡无疆。
皇祖献王神室歌辞:
盛才必(bi)达(da),丕基增(zeng)旧。涉渭同符(fu),迁(qian)邠等构。弘风迈(mai)德,义高(gao)道富。神鉴孔(kong)昭,王猷克懋。
皇考太祖武元皇帝(di)神(shen)室歌辞:
深仁冥著,至(zhi)道潜敷。皇矣(yi)太(tai)祖(zu),耀名天衢。翦(jian)商隆祚,奄(yan)宅隋区(qu)。有命既集,诞(dan)开灵(ling)符。
饮(yin)福(fu)酒歌(ge)辞:郊丘、社、庙同。
神道正(zheng)直,祀事有融。肃邕备(bei)礼,庄敬(jing)在(zai)躬(gong)。羞燔(fan)已具,奠酹将(jiang)终。降(jiang)祥(xiang)惟永,受福(fu)无穷。
送神歌辞:
飨礼具,利事成。伫旒(liu)冕,肃簪缨。金奏终,玉俎撤。尽孝敬,穷严洁(jie)。人祗分,哀乐半。降景福,凭(ping)幽赞。
元会:
皇帝出入殿庭,奏《皇夏》辞:郊(jiao)丘、社、庙同。
深(shen)哉皇度,粹(cui)矣天仪。司陛整(zheng)跸,式道(dao)先驰。八屯雾拥(yong),七萃(cui)云(yun)披。退扬进揖,步(bu)矩行规。勾陈乍(zha)转,华盖徐移。羽旗照耀,珪组陆离。居高念下,处(chu)安思危。照临有度,纪(ji)律无亏。
皇太子出(chu)入,奏《肆夏(xia)》辞:
惟熙帝载,式固王猷。体乾建本,是(shi)曰孟(meng)侯。驰道美汉,寝门称(cheng)周。德心既广,道业惟优。傅保斯导,贤才(cai)与(yu)游。瑜玉发响,画(hua)轮停(ting)辀。皇基方峻,七(qi)鬯恆(heng)休。
食举歌辞八首:
燔黍设教礼(li)之始,五味相资(zi)火为纪(ji)。平(ping)心和德在甘旨,牢羞既陈钟石俟,以(yi)斯而御扬盛(sheng)轨。
养身必敬礼食昭,时和岁阜庶(shu)物饶(rao)。盐梅既济鼎铉(xuan)调,特以(yi)肤腊加(jia)臐膮,威仪济济懋皇朝。
饔人(ren)进羞乐(le)侑作,川(chuan)潜之(zhi)脍云飞勣。甘酸(suan)有(you)宜芬勺药,金敦玉豆(dou)盛交错(cuo),御(yu)鼓既声安以乐(le)。
玉食惟后膳必珍,芳菰既(ji)洁(jie)重秬新(xin)。是能(neng)安体又调神,荆包毕至海贡陈,用之有节德无垠(yin)。
嘉羞入馈犹(you)化谧,沃土(tu)名滋(zi)帝台实。阳(yang)华之荣雕陵栗,鼎俎芬(fen)芳(fang)豆笾溢,通(tong)幽致(zhi)远(yuan)车书一。
道高物备(bei)食多方,山肤既善水豢良。桓(huan)蒲在位(wei)簨(sun)业(ye)张,加(jia)笾折俎(zu)烂成行,恩风(feng)下济(ji)道化光。
礼以安国仁(ren)为政(zheng),具物必陈(chen)饔牢盛。罝罘(fu)斤斧顺时令,怀生(sheng)熙熙皆得性,于兹宴喜流嘉庆。
皇道四达礼乐成,临朝日举(ju)表时平。甘芳既(ji)饫醑以清,扬休(xiu)玉卮正性情(qing),隆我帝载永(yong)明明。
上寿歌辞:
俗已乂(yi),时又良。朝玉帛,会(hui)衣(yi)裳。基(ji)同北辰久,寿(shou)共南山长。黎(li)元鼓腹乐未央。
宴群臣登歌辞:
皇(huang)明(ming)驭(yu)历,仁深海县。载择良辰(chen),式陈高宴。隅隅卿士(shi),昂(ang)昂(ang)侯甸。车旗煜龠,衣缨葱蒨。乐(le)正展(zhan)悬,司(si)宫饰(shi)殿。三揖称(cheng)礼,九宾(bin)为(wei)传。圆鼎临碑,方壶在面。《鹿(lu)鸣》成(cheng)曲,嘉(jia)鱼入荐。筐篚(fei)相辉,献酬交遍。饮和饱(bao)德,恩风长扇。
文舞歌辞:
天眷有属,后德惟明。君临(lin)万宇(yu),昭(zhao)事百灵。濯以江汉,树之风(feng)声。罄地必(bi)归,穷(qiong)天皆至。六戎仰朔(shuo),八蛮请吏。烟云献(xian)彩(cai),龟龙表异。缉和礼乐(le),变理阴阳。功由舞见,德以歌彰(zhang)。两仪同(tong)大,日月(yue)齐(qi)光。
武舞歌辞:
惟皇(huang)御宇(yu),惟帝乘乾。五材并用,七(qi)德兼(jian)宣。平暴(bao)夷险,拯溺救燔。九域载安,兆庶斯赖。绩地之厚(hou),补(bu)天之大。声隆(long)有(you)截,化(hua)覃无外。鼓钟既奋,干戚(qi)攸陈。功高德重,政谧(mi)化(hua)淳。鸿(hong)休(xiu)永(yong)播,久而弥新。
大射登歌辞:
道谧(mi)金科照,时乂玉(yu)条明(ming)。优贤(xian)飨礼洽(qia),选德射仪成。銮(luan)旗郁(yu)云动,宝轪俨天行。巾车整三乏,司裘(qiu)饰五正。鸣(ming)球响高殿,华(hua)钟震广庭。乌号(hao)传昔美,淇卫(wei)著(zhu)前名。揖让皆时杰,升降尽朝英。附枝(zhi)观体定,杯(bei)水睹心(xin)平。丰(feng)觚(gu)既来去,燔炙复从横。欣看礼乐盛,喜遇(yu)黄河清(qing)。
《凯乐》歌辞三首:
述帝德:
于穆我(wo)后,睿哲钦明。膺(ying)天之(zhi)命,载育群生。开元创历,迈德(de)垂声(sheng)。朝宗(zong)万宇(yu),祗事百灵(ling)。焕乎皇道(dao),昭哉帝则。惠(hui)政滂流,仁(ren)风(feng)四(si)塞。淮海(hai)未宾(bin),江(jiang)湖(hu)背(bei)德(de)。运筹必胜,濯(zhuo)征斯克。八荒务卷,四(si)表云褰(qian)。雄图盛略,迈后光前。寰(huan)区已泰,福(fu)祚方(fang)延。长歌凯乐,天子万年。
述诸军用命:
帝德远覃(tan),天(tian)维宏布(bu)。功高云天(tian),声隆《韶(shao)《护》。惟彼(bi)海隅,未从王(wang)度。皇赫斯怒,元戎启(qi)路。桓(huan)桓(huan)猛将,赳赳英谟。攻如燎发(fa),战似(si)摧枯。救兹涂炭(tan),克彼(bi)妖逋(bu)。尘清(qing)两越(yue),气静三吴。鲸鲵已夷(yi),封疆载(zai)辟。班马(ma)萧(xiao)萧(xiao),归旌(jing)弈弈。云台表效,司勋纪绩。业(ye)并山河,道(dao)固(gu)金石。
述天下太平:
阪泉(quan)轩德,丹浦尧勋。始实以(yi)(yi)武,终乃以(yi)(yi)文(wen)。嘉(jia)乐(le)圣主(zhu),大哉为君(jun)。出师(shi)命将,廓定重氛。书轨既并(bing),干戈是戢。弘风(feng)设教,政成人立。礼乐(le)聿兴(xing),衣裳(shang)载缉。风(feng)云自美,嘉(jia)祥爰集。皇皇圣政,穆(mu)穆(mu)神猷。牢(lao)笼虞(yu)夏,度越(yue)姬刘(liu)。日月(yue)比曜,天地同休。永(yong)清四(si)海(hai),长(zhang)帝(di)九州(zhou)。
皇后房内歌辞:
至顺垂典,正(zheng)内弘(hong)风(feng)。母仪万国,训范六宫。求贤启(qi)化(hua),进善宣(xuan)功。家邦载序,道业(ye)斯(si)融。
大(da)业(ye)元年,炀帝又(you)(you)诏(zhao)修(xiu)高庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)乐(le),曰:“古(gu)先哲王,经国成务,莫不(bu)(bu)因人心(xin)而制(zhi)礼(li),则天明而作(zuo)乐(le)。昔汉氏诸庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)别所,乐(le)亦不(bu)(bu)同,至(zhi)于光(guang)武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,始立共(gong)(gong)堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)。魏文承(cheng)运,初营庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)寝,太(tai)祖一(yi)(yi)(yi)室,独为别宫。自兹(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,兵车交争,制(zhi)作(zuo)规模,日不(bu)(bu)暇给。伏惟高祖文皇(huang)帝,功(gong)(gong)(gong)侔造物,道济生灵,享荐宜殊,乐(le)舞须别。今若月祭时飨,既(ji)与诸祖共(gong)(gong)庭,至(zhi)于舞功(gong)(gong)(gong),独于一(yi)(yi)(yi)室,交违礼(li)意,未(wei)合人情。其(qi)详议以(yi)闻。” 有司未(wei)及陈奏,帝又(you)(you)以(yi)礼(li)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,总付(fu)秘(mi)书(shu)监(jian)柳顾言、少府副(fu)监(jian)何(he)稠、著作(zuo)郎(lang)诸葛颍、秘(mi)书(shu)郎(lang)袁庆(qing)隆等,增多(duo)开皇(huang)乐(le)器(qi),大(da)益乐(le)员,郊庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)乐(le)悬(xuan),并令新制(zhi)。顾言等后亲,帝复难于改作(zuo),其(qi)议竟(jing)寝。诸郊庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)辞,亦并依旧制(zhi),唯新造《高祖庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)》九首。今亡(wang)。又(you)(you)遣(qian)秘(mi)书(shu)省(sheng)学士定殿前乐(le)工歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)十(shi)四首,终大(da)业(ye)世,每举用(yong)焉。帝又(you)(you)诏(zhao)博(bo)访知钟律歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)管者,皆追之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时有曹士立、裴文通、唐罗汉、常(chang)宝(bao)金等,虽知操(cao)弄,雅郑(zheng)莫分,然(ran)总付(fu)太(tai)常(chang),详令删定。议修(xiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百四曲(qu)(qu)(qu),其(qi)五曲(qu)(qu)(qu)在宫调(diao)(diao)(diao),黄钟也(ye)(ye)(ye);一(yi)(yi)(yi)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)应调(diao)(diao)(diao),大(da)吕(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye);二(er)十(shi)五曲(qu)(qu)(qu)商(shang)调(diao)(diao)(diao),太(tai)簇也(ye)(ye)(ye);一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)四曲(qu)(qu)(qu)角调(diao)(diao)(diao),姑(gu)洗也(ye)(ye)(ye);一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)三(san)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)变(bian)徵(zhi)调(diao)(diao)(diao),蕤宾也(ye)(ye)(ye);八(ba)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)徵(zhi)调(diao)(diao)(diao),林钟也(ye)(ye)(ye);二(er)十(shi)五曲(qu)(qu)(qu)羽(yu)调(diao)(diao)(diao),南吕(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye);一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)三(san)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)变(bian)宫调(diao)(diao)(diao),应钟也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)大(da)抵(di)以(yi)诗为本,参以(yi)古(gu)调(diao)(diao)(diao),渐欲播之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弦(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),被(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金石。仍属戎(rong)车,不(bu)(bu)遑刊正,礼(li)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,竟(jing)无成功(gong)(gong)(gong)焉。
自(zi)汉(han)至(zhi)梁、陈(chen)乐(le)(le)工,其大(da)(da)数不(bu)相逾越。及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)并齐,隋并陈(chen),各得其乐(le)(le)工,多为编户(hu)。至(zhi)六年,帝(di)乃(nai)大(da)(da)括魏、齐、周(zhou)(zhou)、陈(chen)乐(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)子(zi)弟,悉配太常,并于(yu)关中为坊置之,其数益多前(qian)代。顾(gu)言等(deng)又(you)奏,仙都宫(gong)内,四(si)时(shi)祭享,还用(yong)太庙(miao)(miao)之乐(le)(le),歌(ge)功论德,别(bie)制其辞。七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)同院,乐(le)(le)依(yi)旧式。又(you)造飨宴(yan)殿(dian)庭宫(gong)悬乐(le)(le)器,布(bu)陈(chen)簨虡,大(da)(da)抵(di)同前(qian),而于(yu)四(si)隅各加(jia)二(er)(er)(er)建鼓(gu)、三(san)案(an)。又(you)设十二(er)(er)(er)镈(bo),镈(bo)别(bie)钟(zhong)磬(qing)二(er)(er)(er)架(jia),各依(yi)辰(chen)位为调,合三(san)十六架(jia)。至(zhi)于(yu)音律节奏,皆依(yi)雅(ya)曲,意在演(yan)令繁会,自(zi)梁武(wu)帝(di)之始(shi)也,开(kai)皇时(shi),废不(bu)用(yong),至(zhi)是又(you)复(fu)焉。高(gao)祖(zu)时(shi),宫(gong)悬乐(le)(le)器,唯有一(yi)(yi)部,殿(dian)庭飨宴(yan)用(yong)之。平陈(chen)所获,又(you)有二(er)(er)(er)部,宗庙(miao)(miao)郊(jiao)丘分(fen)用(yong)之。至(zhi)是并于(yu)乐(le)(le)府藏而不(bu)用(yong)。更造三(san)部:五(wu)郊(jiao)二(er)(er)(er)十架(jia),工一(yi)(yi)百(bai)四(si)十三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。庙(miao)(miao)庭二(er)(er)(er)十架(jia),工一(yi)(yi)百(bai)五(wu)十人(ren)(ren)(ren)。飨宴(yan)二(er)(er)(er)十架(jia),工一(yi)(yi)百(bai)七(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。舞郎各二(er)(er)(er)等(deng),并一(yi)(yi)百(bai)三(san)十二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。
顾言又增房(fang)(fang)内(nei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),益(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)钟磬(qing)(qing),奏议(yi)曰:“房(fang)(fang)内(nei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者,主(zhu)为王后弦歌(ge)(ge)讽诵而事(shi)君子,故以(yi)房(fang)(fang)室为名。燕(yan)礼(li)飨饮酒礼(li),亦(yi)取而用(yong)也。故云(yun):‘用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)人(ren)(ren)焉,用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)邦国焉。’文王之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng),由(you)近及(ji)远,乡(xiang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)以(yi)感(gan)人(ren)(ren),须(xu)存雅(ya)正(zheng)。既(ji)不设钟鼓,义无四悬,何以(yi)取正(zheng)于妇道(dao)也。《磬(qing)(qing)师职》云(yun):‘燕(yan)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)钟磬(qing)(qing)。”郑(zheng)玄曰:‘燕(yan)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),房(fang)(fang)内(nei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也,所谓阴声,金石备矣。’以(yi)此而论,房(fang)(fang)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),非独弦歌(ge)(ge),必有钟磬(qing)(qing)也。《内(nei)宰职》云(yun):‘正(zheng)后服位,诏其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi)。’郑(zheng)玄云(yun):‘荐(jian)撤之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),当与乐(le)(le)(le)(le)相应。’荐(jian)撤之(zhi)(zhi)言,虽施祭祀(si),其(qi)(qi)(qi)入出(chu)宾客,理(li)亦(yi)宜同。请以(yi)歌(ge)(ge)钟歌(ge)(ge)磬(qing)(qing),各设二虡(ju),土革丝(si)竹并(bing)副之(zhi)(zhi),并(bing)升(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)下管,总名房(fang)(fang)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。女奴肄习,朝燕(yan)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。”制曰:“可。”于是内(nei)宫悬二十虡(ju)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)镈钟十二,皆以(yi)大磬(qing)(qing)充。去建鼓,馀饰并(bing)与殿(dian)庭同。
皇太子轩悬,去南(nan)面,设三(san)(san)镈(bo)钟(zhong)于(yu)辰(chen)丑(chou)申,三(san)(san)建鼓亦(yi)如之。编钟(zhong)三(san)(san)虡,编磬三(san)(san)虡,共三(san)(san)镈(bo)钟(zhong)为九虡。其登歌减者二人(ren)。簨虡金三(san)(san)博山。乐(le)器应漆者硃漆之。其二舞用六佾。
其雅(ya)乐鼓吹,多依开皇之故。雅(ya)乐合二十(shi)器,今(jin)列(lie)之如左:
金之(zhi)属(shu)二:一曰镈钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)悬(xuan)一簨虡,各(ge)应(ying)律(lv)吕之(zhi)音,即黄(huang)帝所命伶(ling)伦铸(zhu)十二钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),和五音者也。二曰编(bian)(bian)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),小(xiao)钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也,各(ge)应(ying)律(lv)吕,大小(xiao)以次,编(bian)(bian)而悬(xuan)之(zhi)。上(shang)下皆(jie)八,合十六钟(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),悬(xuan)于一簨虡。
石之(zhi)属一:曰磬,用玉若石为(wei)之(zhi),悬如编钟(zhong)之(zhi)法。
丝之属四:一曰琴,神(shen)农(nong)制为五弦,周文(wen)王加二弦为七者也。二曰瑟,二十(shi)(shi)七弦,伏(fu)牺所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)者也。三(san)曰筑,十(shi)(shi)二弦。四曰筝,十(shi)(shi)三(san)弦,所(suo)(suo)谓秦声,蒙恬所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)者也。
竹(zhu)之属(shu)三(san):一曰箫,十六管(guan),长二(er)(er)尺,舜所造者也。二(er)(er)曰篪,长尺四(si)(si)(si)寸,八孔(kong),苏公所作(zuo)者也。三(san)曰笛,凡十二(er)(er)孔(kong),汉武帝时(shi)丘(qiu)仲所作(zuo)者也。京房备(bei)五音,有(you)(you)七孔(kong),以(yi)应七声。黄钟之笛,长二(er)(er)尺八寸四(si)(si)(si)分四(si)(si)(si)厘有(you)(you)奇(qi),其(qi)余亦上下相次,以(yi)为长短。
匏之(zhi)属二:一曰笙,二曰竽,并女(nv)娲(wa)之(zhi)所作也。笙列(lie)管十(shi)九,于匏内(nei)施簧(huang)而吹之(zhi)。竽大,三十(shi)六管。
土之属一:曰埙(xun),六孔,暴辛公之所(suo)作者也。
革之(zhi)(zhi)属五:一曰(yue)建鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),夏后氏(shi)加四(si)足,谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)足鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。殷人(ren)柱贯之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)楹鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。周人(ren)悬之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)悬鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。近(jin)代相承,植而(er)(er)贯之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)建鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。盖殷所(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)也。又栖翔鹭(lu)(lu)于其(qi)上,不知何代所(suo)(suo)(suo)加。或曰(yue),鹄也,取其(qi)声扬而(er)(er)远(yuan)闻。或曰(yue),鹭(lu)(lu),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)精也。越王勾践(jian)击大鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)于雷门以压吴。晋时移于建康(kang),有双鹭(lu)(lu)哾鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)而(er)(er)飞入(ru)云。或曰(yue),皆非也。《诗》云:“振振鹭(lu)(lu),鹭(lu)(lu)于飞。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)咽咽,醉(zui)言归。”古之(zhi)(zhi)君子,悲周道之(zhi)(zhi)衰,颂(song)声之(zhi)(zhi)辍,饰鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以鹭(lu)(lu),存其(qi)风流。未知孰是。灵(ling)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、灵(ling)鼗(tao)(tao),并入(ru)面(mian)(mian)。雷鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、雷鼗(tao)(tao),六面(mian)(mian)。路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、路鼗(tao)(tao),四(si)面(mian)(mian)。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以桴击,鼗(tao)(tao)贯其(qi)中而(er)(er)手摇之(zhi)(zhi)。又有节鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),不知谁(shei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)造也。
木之属二(er)(er):一曰柷,如(ru)桶(tong),方二(er)(er)尺八寸,中有椎柄,连底动之,令左右击,以(yi)节(jie)乐。二(er)(er)曰敔,如(ru)伏兽,背有二(er)(er)十(shi)七(qi)鉏铻,以(yi)竹长尺,横栎之,以(yi)止乐焉。
簨虡,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)悬(xuan)钟磬(qing),横曰簨,饰以(yi)(yi)鳞属,植曰虡,饰以(yi)(yi)臝(luo)及羽(yu)属。簨加(jia)木板于上,谓之业。殷人刻其上为崇牙,以(yi)(yi)挂悬(xuan)。周人画缯为纻(zhu),戴之以(yi)(yi)璧(bi),垂五(wu)采羽(yu)于其下,树于簨虡之角。近代(dai)(dai)又加(jia)金博山(shan)于簨上,垂流(liu)苏,以(yi)(yi)合采羽(yu)。五(wu)代(dai)(dai)相因,同(tong)用之。
始(shi)开(kai)皇初定(ding)令,置《七(qi)部(bu)(bu)乐》:一曰(yue)(yue)《国(guo)(guo)伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》,二曰(yue)(yue)《清(qing)商伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》,三曰(yue)(yue)《高(gao)丽(li)伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》,四(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)《天竺伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》,五曰(yue)(yue)《安国(guo)(guo)伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》,六(liu)曰(yue)(yue)《龟兹伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》,七(qi)曰(yue)(yue)《文康伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》。又(you)杂有(you)疏勒(le)、扶(fu)南(nan)、康国(guo)(guo)、百济、突厥、新罗、倭(wo)国(guo)(guo)等伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。其(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)牛(niu)弘请存《鞞》、《铎》、《巾》、《拂》等四(si)(si)舞(wu)(wu)(wu),与新伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并陈(chen)(chen)。因称:“四(si)(si)舞(wu)(wu)(wu),按汉、魏以(yi)来,并施于宴飨。《鞞舞(wu)(wu)(wu)》,汉巴(ba)、渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。至章帝(di)(di)造《鞞舞(wu)(wu)(wu)辞》云(yun)‘关东有(you)贤女’,魏明(ming)代(dai)汉曲云(yun)‘明(ming)明(ming)魏皇帝(di)(di)’。《铎舞(wu)(wu)(wu)》,傅玄(xuan)代(dai)魏辞云(yun)‘振铎鸣金’,成(cheng)公绥(sui)赋云(yun) ‘《鞞铎》舞(wu)(wu)(wu)庭,八(ba)音并陈(chen)(chen)’是(shi)也(ye)。《拂舞(wu)(wu)(wu)》者,沈约《宋志》云(yun):‘吴舞(wu)(wu)(wu),吴人(ren)(ren)思晋化。’其(qi)(qi)辞本(ben)云(yun)‘白符鸠’是(shi)也(ye)。《巾舞(wu)(wu)(wu)》者,《公莫舞(wu)(wu)(wu)》也(ye)。伏滔云(yun):‘项庄因舞(wu)(wu)(wu),欲(yu)剑高(gao)祖(zu),项伯纡长袖(xiu)以(yi)扞其(qi)(qi)锋,魏、晋传为(wei)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)焉。’检此(ci)虽(sui)非正乐,亦(yi)前代(dai)旧声(sheng)。故梁(liang)武报(bao)沈约云(yun):‘《鞞》、《铎》、《巾》、《拂》,古(gu)之(zhi)遗风。’ 杨泓云(yun):‘此(ci)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)本(ben)二八(ba)人(ren)(ren),桓(huan)玄(xuan)即真(zhen),为(wei)八(ba)佾。后(hou)(hou)因而不(bu)(bu)改。’齐(qi)人(ren)(ren)王僧虔已论其(qi)(qi)事(shi)。平陈(chen)(chen)所得者,犹充(chong)八(ba)佾,于悬内继二舞(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)作之(zhi),为(wei)失斯大(da)。检四(si)(si)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)由来,其(qi)(qi)实已久。请并在宴会,与杂伎(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同设,于西凉前奏之(zhi)。”帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue):“其(qi)(qi)声(sheng)音节(jie)奏及舞(wu)(wu)(wu),悉宜依旧。惟舞(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)须捉(zhuo)鞞拂等。”及大(da)业中,炀(yang)帝(di)(di)乃定(ding)《清(qing)乐》、《西凉》、《龟兹》、《天竺》、《康国(guo)(guo)》、《疏勒(le)》、《安国(guo)(guo)》、《高(gao)丽(li)》、《礼(li)毕》,以(yi)为(wei)《九部(bu)(bu)》。乐器(qi)工衣创造既成(cheng),大(da)备于兹矣。
《清乐(le)》其(qi)(qi)始即《清商三调》是也,并(bing)(bing)(bing)汉(han)来旧曲。乐(le)器(qi)形制,并(bing)(bing)(bing)歌(ge)章古(gu)辞,与(yu)魏三祖(zu)(zu)所作(zuo)者(zhe),皆被于史籍。属晋朝(chao)迁播,夷羯窃据,其(qi)(qi)音(yin)分散。苻永(yong)固(gu)平(ping)张氏,始于凉州得之。宋武平(ping)关中(zhong),因(yin)而(er)入南,不复(fu)存(cun)于内地(di)。及平(ping)陈后获之。高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)听(ting)之,善其(qi)(qi)节(jie)奏,曰:“此华夏正(zheng)声也。昔(xi)因(yin)永(yong)嘉,流于江外(wai),我受天(tian)明命,今复(fu)会同(tong)。虽(sui)赏(shang)逐时(shi)迁,而(er)古(gu)致犹在。可以此为(wei)本,微更(geng)损益,去其(qi)(qi)哀怨(yuan),考(kao)而(er)补(bu)之。以新定(ding)律吕(lv),更(geng)造(zao)乐(le)器(qi)。”其(qi)(qi)歌(ge)曲有(you)《阳伴》,舞曲有(you)《明君》、《并(bing)(bing)(bing)契》。其(qi)(qi)乐(le)器(qi)有(you)钟、磬、琴(qin)、瑟(se)、击琴(qin)、琵琶、箜篌、筑、筝、节(jie)鼓、笙、笛、箫、篪(chi)、埙等十(shi)五种(zhong),为(wei)一部。工二十(shi)五人(ren)。
《西凉(liang)》者,起苻氏之(zhi)(zhi)末,吕光、沮(ju)渠蒙(meng)逊(xun)等,据有(you)(you)(you)凉(liang)州,变龟兹声为之(zhi)(zhi),号(hao)为秦汉伎(ji)。魏(wei)太武(wu)既平河西得之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)《西凉(liang)乐(le)》。至魏(wei)、周之(zhi)(zhi)际,遂谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)《国伎(ji)》。今曲项琵(pi)琶(pa)(pa)、竖(shu)头(tou)箜篌之(zhi)(zhi)徒,并出自西域(yu),非(fei)(fei)华(hua)夏旧器(qi)。《杨泽(ze)新声》、《神白马》之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),生于(yu)胡(hu)戎。胡(hu)戎歌非(fei)(fei)汉魏(wei)遗曲,故(gu)其(qi)乐(le)器(qi)声调(diao),悉(xi)与(yu)书史不(bu)同。其(qi)歌曲有(you)(you)(you)《永世乐(le)》,解曲有(you)(you)(you)《万世丰》舞,曲有(you)(you)(you)《于(yu)阗佛曲》。其(qi)乐(le)器(qi)有(you)(you)(you)钟、磬(qing)、弹筝(zheng)、搊筝(zheng)、卧(wo)箜篌、竖(shu)箜篌、琵(pi)琶(pa)(pa)、五弦、笙、箫、大筚篥(li)、长(zhang)笛、小筚篥(li)、横(heng)笛、腰鼓、齐鼓、担鼓、铜拔、贝等十(shi)九种,为一部。工(gong)二(er)十(shi)七人。
《龟兹》者,起自吕光灭龟兹,因得其声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。吕氏亡,其乐(le)(le)分散(san),后(hou)(hou)魏平(ping)中原(yuan),复获之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)多(duo)(duo)(duo)变(bian)(bian)易。至隋有(you)(you)(you)《西国龟兹》、《齐(qi)朝(chao)龟兹》、《土龟兹》等(deng)(deng),凡三(san)部。开皇中,其器大(da)盛于(yu)闾干(gan)。时(shi)有(you)(you)(you)曹妙(miao)达(da)、王长通、李士(shi)衡、郭(guo)金乐(le)(le)、安(an)进贵(gui)等(deng)(deng),皆(jie)妙(miao)绝弦(xian)管(guan),新声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)奇变(bian)(bian),朝(chao)改(gai)暮易,持其音(yin)技,估衒公(gong)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,举时(shi)争相慕尚。高祖(zu)病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓群臣(chen)曰:“闻公(gong)等(deng)(deng)皆(jie)好新变(bian)(bian),所奏(zou)无(wu)复正(zheng)(zheng)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),此不(bu)(bu)祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)也(ye)。自家形国,化成人风,勿谓天下方然(ran),公(gong)家家自有(you)(you)(you)风俗(su)矣。存亡善(shan)恶,莫不(bu)(bu)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乐(le)(le)感人深,事资和(he)雅,公(gong)等(deng)(deng)对亲(qin)宾宴饮,宜奏(zou)正(zheng)(zheng)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng),何可使(shi)兒女(nv)闻也(ye)!”帝虽有(you)(you)(you)此敕,而竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)能救焉。炀帝不(bu)(bu)解(jie)音(yin)律,略不(bu)(bu)关怀。后(hou)(hou)大(da)制(zhi)艳篇,辞极淫(yin)绮。令乐(le)(le)正(zheng)(zheng)白明达(da)造新声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),创《万岁乐(le)(le)》、《藏钩乐(le)(le)》、《七(qi)夕相逢(feng)乐(le)(le)》、《投壶乐(le)(le)》、《舞席(xi)同心髻》、《玉(yu)女(nv)行觞(shang)》、《神(shen)仙留客》、《掷(zhi)砖续(xu)命》、《斗鸡(ji)子(zi)》、《斗百草》、《泛龙舟》、《还旧宫》、《长乐(le)(le)花》及《十(shi)二时(shi)》等(deng)(deng)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),掩(yan)抑摧(cui)藏,哀音(yin)断绝。帝悦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)已,谓幸臣(chen)曰:“多(duo)(duo)(duo)弹曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)者,如人多(duo)(duo)(duo)读书(shu)。读书(shu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)则能撰书(shu),弹曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)即(ji)能造曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。此理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)也(ye)。”因语明达(da)云:“齐(qi)氏偏隅,曹妙(miao)达(da)犹自封王。我今天下大(da)同,欲贵(gui)汝,宜自修谨(jin)。”六年,高昌献(xian)《圣明乐(le)(le)》曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),帝令知音(yin)者于(yu)馆所听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),归而肄习。及客方献(xian),先于(yu)前(qian)奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),胡夷(yi)皆(jie)惊焉。其歌曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)《善(shan)善(shan)摩尼》,解(jie)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)《婆伽兒》,舞曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)《小天》,又有(you)(you)(you)《疏勒盐》。其乐(le)(le)器有(you)(you)(you)竖箜(kong)篌、琵琶、五弦(xian)、笙、笛、箫、筚篥、毛员鼓(gu)、都昙鼓(gu)、答腊鼓(gu)、腰鼓(gu)、羯鼓(gu)、鸡(ji)娄鼓(gu)、铜拔(ba)、贝等(deng)(deng)十(shi)五种(zhong),为(wei)一部。工二十(shi)人。
《天(tian)(tian)竺》者,起自(zi)张重(zhong)(zhong)华(hua)据有(you)凉州,重(zhong)(zhong)四译(yi)来(lai)贡(gong)男伎(ji),《天(tian)(tian)竺》即其乐焉(yan)。歌(ge)曲有(you)《沙石(shi)疆》,舞曲有(you)《天(tian)(tian)曲》。乐器有(you)凤首箜(kong)篌(hou)、琵琶、五弦、笛、铜鼓(gu)(gu)、毛员鼓(gu)(gu)、都昙鼓(gu)(gu)、铜拔(ba)、贝等九种(zhong),为一部。工十(shi)二人。
《康(kang)国》,起自周武帝(di)娉北狄为后,得其所获西(xi)戎(rong)伎(ji),因(yin)其声。歌曲(qu)有(you)(you)《戢(ji)殿农和正》,舞曲(qu)有(you)(you)《贺兰钵鼻(bi)始》、《末奚波(bo)地》、《农惠钵鼻(bi)始》、《前拔(ba)地惠地》等(deng)四(si)曲(qu)。乐器(qi)有(you)(you)笛(di)、正鼓、加鼓、铜拔(ba)等(deng)四(si)种,为一部(bu)。工七人。
《疏勒》、《安国》、《高丽》,并起自后(hou)魏平冯氏及通西域,因得其伎。后(hou)渐繁会其声,以别于太乐。
《疏勒》,歌曲(qu)(qu)(qu)有《亢利死让乐》,舞曲(qu)(qu)(qu)有《远服》,解(jie)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)有《盐曲(qu)(qu)(qu)》。乐器有竖箜篌、琵(pi)琶、五弦、笛、箫、筚篥、答腊(la)鼓(gu)、腰鼓(gu)、羯鼓(gu)、鸡娄鼓(gu)等十种,为一部,工十二人。
《安国》,歌曲有(you)《附萨单时》,舞曲有(you)《末奚(xi)》,解曲有(you)《居和祗》。乐器有(you)箜篌、琵琶、五弦、笛、箫、筚篥、双筚篥、正鼓、和鼓、铜拔等(deng)十种(zhong),为(wei)一(yi)部。工十二人(ren)。
《高丽(li)》,歌曲(qu)有(you)《芝栖(qi)(qi)》,舞曲(qu)有(you)《歌芝栖(qi)(qi)》。乐器有(you)弹(dan)筝、卧箜(kong)篌(hou)、竖箜(kong)篌(hou)、琵琶、五弦、笛、笙、箫、小筚篥、桃(tao)皮筚篥、腰鼓(gu)、齐鼓(gu)、担鼓(gu)、贝等十(shi)四种,为一部(bu)。工十(shi)八人。
《礼毕(bi)(bi)》者,本出自(zi)晋太尉庾亮(liang)家。亮(liang)卒,其(qi)伎追思亮(liang),因假为其(qi)面,执翳以(yi)(yi)舞,象其(qi)容,取其(qi)谥以(yi)(yi)号(hao)之,谓之为《文康乐》。每奏九部乐终则陈之,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)礼毕(bi)(bi)为名(ming)。其(qi)行(xing)曲(qu)有《单交(jiao)路》,舞曲(qu)有《散花》。乐器有笛、笙(sheng)、箫、篪、铃槃、鞞、腰鼓等七种,三悬(xuan)为一部。工二(er)十二(er)人。
始齐(qi)武(wu)平中,有(you)鱼龙(long)烂漫、俳优(you)、硃儒、山车(che)、巨象、拔井、种(zhong)瓜、杀马(ma)、剥驴等,奇(qi)怪异端,百(bai)(bai)有(you)余(yu)物,名为(wei)百(bai)(bai)戏(xi)。周时(shi),郑译有(you)宠(chong)于(yu)宣帝(di),奏征(zheng)齐(qi)散(san)乐(le)人(ren),并(bing)会京(jing)师为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。盖(gai)秦角抵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流者也。开皇初,并(bing)放遣(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及大(da)(da)业(ye)二(er)年,突(tu)(tu)厥染(ran)干来(lai)(lai)朝(chao),炀帝(di)欲夸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),总(zong)追四方(fang)散(san)乐(le),大(da)(da)集东(dong)都(dou)。初于(yu)芳华苑积翠池侧,帝(di)帷宫女(nv)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)舍利(li)先来(lai)(lai),戏(xi)于(yu)场内,须臾跳(tiao)(tiao)跃,激(ji)水满衢,鼋(yuan)鼍龟鰲,水人(ren)虫鱼,遍覆于(yu)地(di)。又(you)(you)(you)有(you)大(da)(da)鲸鱼,喷(pen)雾翳日(ri),倏忽(hu)化成黄(huang)龙(long),长(zhang)七八丈,耸(song)踊而(er)(er)出,名曰(yue)《黄(huang)龙(long)变》。又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)绳系两(liang)柱,相(xiang)去(qu)十(shi)丈,遣(qian)二(er)倡女(nv)对舞(wu)绳上(shang),相(xiang)逢切肩而(er)(er)过(guo),歌舞(wu)不辍(chuo)。又(you)(you)(you)为(wei)夏育扛鼎,取(qu)车(che)轮石臼大(da)(da)甕(weng)器等,各于(yu)掌(zhang)上(shang)而(er)(er)跳(tiao)(tiao)弄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。并(bing)二(er)人(ren)戴(dai)竿,其上(shang)有(you)舞(wu),忽(hu)然腾透(tou)而(er)(er)换易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)(you)有(you)神鰲负山,幻人(ren)吐火,千变万(wan)化,旷古莫俦。染(ran)干大(da)(da)骇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自(zi)是(shi)皆(jie)(jie)于(yu)太(tai)常教习。每岁正(zheng)月,万(wan)国来(lai)(lai)朝(chao),留至十(shi)五(wu)日(ri),于(yu)端门外,建国门内,绵(mian)亘八里,列为(wei)戏(xi)场。百(bai)(bai)官起棚夹路,从昏达旦,以(yi)纵观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至晦而(er)(er)罢。伎(ji)人(ren)皆(jie)(jie)衣(yi)锦(jin)绣缯(zeng)彩。其歌舞(wu)者,多为(wei)妇人(ren)服(fu),鸣环佩,饰(shi)以(yi)花毦者,殆三(san)万(wan)人(ren)。初课京(jing)兆、河(he)南制此衣(yi)服(fu),而(er)(er)两(liang)京(jing)缯(zeng)锦(jin),为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中虚。三(san)年,驾幸榆林,突(tu)(tu)厥启民朝(chao)于(yu)行宫,帝(di)又(you)(you)(you)设以(yi)示(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。六年,诸夷大(da)(da)献方(fang)物。突(tu)(tu)厥启民以(yi)下,皆(jie)(jie)国主(zhu)亲来(lai)(lai)朝(chao)贺。乃(nai)于(yu)天津街盛陈百(bai)(bai)戏(xi),自(zi)海内凡有(you)奇(qi)伎(ji),无不总(zong)萃。崇(chong)侈器玩,盛饰(shi)衣(yi)服(fu),皆(jie)(jie)用珠翠金银(yin),锦(jin)罽絺绣。其营费(fei)钜亿万(wan)。关西以(yi)安德王雄总(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),东(dong)都(dou)以(yi)齐(qi)王暕总(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),金石匏革之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng),闻数十(shi)里外。弹弦(xian)扌厌管以(yi)上(shang),一万(wan)八千人(ren)。大(da)(da)列炬火,光烛(zhu)天地(di),百(bai)(bai)戏(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛,振(zhen)古无比。自(zi)是(shi)每年以(yi)为(wei)常焉。
故事,天子有(you)事于太庙(miao),备法驾,陈羽葆,以入(ru)于次。礼毕升车(che),而(er)鼓(gu)吹(chui)并(bing)作。开(kai)皇(huang)十七年诏曰:“昔(xi)五帝异乐,三(san)王殊(shu)礼,皆随事而(er)有(you)损益,因情(qing)(qing)而(er)立节(jie)文。仰惟祭(ji)享宗庙(miao),瞻敬如在,罔极之感(gan),情(qing)(qing)深兹(zi)日(ri)(ri)。而(er)礼毕升路,鼓(gu)吹(chui)发音,还入(ru)宫(gong)门(men),金石(shi)振响。斯则哀乐同日(ri)(ri),心事相违,情(qing)(qing)所不(bu)安,理实未允。宜改(gai)兹(zi)往式,用弘礼教。自今以后,享庙(miao)日(ri)(ri)不(bu)须设鼓(gu)吹(chui),殿庭勿设乐悬。在庙(miao)内及诸祭(ji),并(bing)依旧。其王公已下,祭(ji)私庙(miao)日(ri)(ri),不(bu)得(de)作音乐。”
至大(da)(da)业中,炀帝制宴飨设鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)(chui),依梁为十二(er)案。案别(bie)有錞于(yu)、钲、铎、军乐(le)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)(chui)等(deng)(deng)一部。案下皆(jie)(jie)熊罢貙豹(bao),腾(teng)倚承之(zhi),以(yi)象百兽(shou)之(zhi)舞。其(qi)大(da)(da)驾(jia)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)(chui),并(bing)(bing)硃漆画(hua)。大(da)(da)驾(jia)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)(chui)、小(xiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)加金(jin)镯(zhuo)、羽葆鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、铙鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、节(jie)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),皆(jie)(jie)五采(cai)重盖,其(qi)羽葆鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),仍饰(shi)以(yi)羽葆。长鸣(ming)、中鸣(ming)、大(da)(da)小(xiao)横(heng)吹(chui)(chui),五采(cai)衣(yi)幡,绯(fei)(fei)掌,画(hua)交龙,五采(cai)脚。大(da)(da)角幡亦如(ru)之(zhi)。大(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、长鸣(ming)、大(da)(da)横(heng)吹(chui)(chui)、节(jie)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)横(heng)吹(chui)(chui)后笛(di)、箫(xiao)、筚篥、笳(jia)、桃(tao)皮筚篥等(deng)(deng)工(gong)人服(fu),皆(jie)(jie)绯(fei)(fei)地苣(ju)文为袍袴及(ji)(ji)(ji)帽。金(jin)钲、㭎鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),其(qi)钲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)皆(jie)(jie)加八(ba)角紫伞(san)。小(xiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、中鸣(ming)、小(xiao)横(heng)吹(chui)(chui)及(ji)(ji)(ji)横(heng)吹(chui)(chui)后笛(di)、箫(xiao)、筚篥、笳(jia)、桃(tao)皮筚篥等(deng)(deng)工(gong)人服(fu),并(bing)(bing)青地苣(ju)文袍袴及(ji)(ji)(ji)帽。羽葆鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、铙及(ji)(ji)(ji)歌(ge)、箫(xiao)、笳(jia)工(gong)人服(fu),并(bing)(bing)武(wu)弁(bian),硃褠(gou)衣(yi),革带。大(da)(da)角工(gong)人,平巾帻,绯(fei)(fei)衫,白布大(da)(da)口(kou)袴。其(qi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)(chui)督帅服(fu),与大(da)(da)角同(tong)。以(yi)下准督帅服(fu),亦如(ru)之(zhi)。
㭎鼓(gu)一(yi)(yi)曲(qu),十(shi)二变,与(yu)金(jin)钲同(tong)。夜警用一(yi)(yi)曲(qu)俱(ju)尽。次奏大(da)(da)鼓(gu)。大(da)(da)鼓(gu),一(yi)(yi)十(shi)五曲(qu)供(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)驾(jia),一(yi)(yi)十(shi)二曲(qu)供(gong)(gong)皇太子,一(yi)(yi)十(shi)曲(qu)供(gong)(gong)王公等(deng)。小(xiao)鼓(gu),九曲(qu)供(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)驾(jia),三曲(qu)供(gong)(gong)皇太子及王公等(deng)。
长鸣色(se)角,一百二十具供(gong)大驾,三十六具供(gong)皇太(tai)子,十八具供(gong)王公等。
次鸣色角,一百二十(shi)(shi)具(ju)供(gong)(gong)大驾,十(shi)(shi)二具(ju)供(gong)(gong)皇(huang)太子,一十(shi)(shi)具(ju)供(gong)(gong)王公(gong)等。
大角,第一(yi)曲起捉(zhuo)马(ma),第二曲被马(ma),第三曲骑马(ma),第四曲行,第五曲入阵,第六曲收军,第七曲下营。皆以(yi)三通为一(yi)曲。其辞并本(ben)之鲜卑。
铙鼓,十二曲(qu)(qu)供大驾,六曲(qu)(qu)供皇太(tai)子,三曲(qu)(qu)供王(wang)公等。其乐器有鼓,并歌(ge)箫、笳(jia)。
大(da)(da)横吹,二十九曲(qu)(qu)供(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)驾,九曲(qu)(qu)供(gong)(gong)皇太子,七(qi)曲(qu)(qu)供(gong)(gong)王公。其乐(le)器有(you)角、节鼓、笛、箫、筚篥(li)、笳(jia)、桃皮筚篥(li)。
小横吹,十二曲供大驾,夜警则十二曲俱用。其乐器有角、笛、箫、筚篥、笳、桃皮筚篥。
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