志第二 礼仪二
《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》“龙见(jian)而(er)雩(yu)”,梁(liang)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)恆祀(si)。四(si)月后旱(han)(han),则(ze)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),行七(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi):一(yi)(yi),理冤狱(yu)及(ji)失职者(zhe)(zhe);二(er),振鳏(guan)寡(gua)孤(gu)独者(zhe)(zhe);三,省繇轻(qing)赋;四(si),举进贤良;五(wu)(wu)(wu),黜(chu)退(tui)贪(tan)邪;六,命(ming)会(hui)男女,恤怨(yuan)旷;七(qi)(qi),撤膳羞,弛乐(le)悬而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)作。天子又(you)(you)降(jiang)法服。七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),乃(nai)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)社稷;七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),乃(nai)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)林川(chuan)泽常兴云(yun)(yun)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe);七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),乃(nai)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)群庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主于(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)庙;七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),乃(nai)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)古来(lai)百辟卿(qing)士有(you)(you)益于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe);七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),乃(nai)大(da)雩(yu),祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),遍祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所有(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。大(da)雩(yu)礼,立(li)圆坛于(yu)(yu)(yu)南郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左,高及(ji)轮(lun)广四(si)丈(zhang)(zhang),周十(shi)二(er)丈(zhang)(zhang),四(si)陛。牲用(yong)(yong)黄(huang)(huang)牯(gu)(gu)牛一(yi)(yi)。祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)天帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上,各(ge)(ge)(ge)依其(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang),以(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)祖配(pei)(pei),位于(yu)(yu)(yu)青帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南,五(wu)(wu)(wu)官配(pei)(pei)食于(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)。七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)乃(nai)去乐(le)。又(you)(you)遍祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)社稷山(shan)林川(chuan)泽,就故地(di)处(chu)大(da)雩(yu)。国南除地(di)为(wei)(wei)墠(shan)(shan),舞(wu)童(tong)六十(shi)四(si)人(ren)。祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百辟卿(qing)士于(yu)(yu)(yu)雩(yu)坛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左,除地(di)为(wei)(wei)墠(shan)(shan),舞(wu)童(tong)六十(shi)四(si)人(ren),皆(jie)袨服,为(wei)(wei)八列,各(ge)(ge)(ge)执羽翳。每(mei)列歌《云(yun)(yun)汉(han)(han)》诗一(yi)(yi)章(zhang)而(er)毕。旱(han)(han)而(er)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)澍(shu),则(ze)报(bao)(bao)以(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)牢,皆(jie)有(you)(you)司行事(shi)(shi)。唯(wei)雩(yu)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)报(bao)(bao)。若郡国县旱(han)(han)请雨(yu)(yu)(yu),则(ze)五(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)同(tong)时(shi)(shi)并行:一(yi)(yi),理冤狱(yu)失职;二(er),存鳏(guan)寡(gua)孤(gu)独;三,省徭(yao)役;四(si),进贤良;五(wu)(wu)(wu),退(tui)贪(tan)邪。守令皆(jie)洁斋(zhai)(zhai)三日(ri)(ri)(ri),乃(nai)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)社稷。七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)不(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),更(geng)斋(zhai)(zhai)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如初。三变(bian)仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),复(fu)斋(zhai)(zhai)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)界内山(shan)林川(chuan)泽常兴云(yun)(yun)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)。祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)澍(shu),亦(yi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)报(bao)(bao)。陈氏亦(yi)因梁(liang)制(zhi),祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)澍(shu)则(ze)报(bao)(bao)以(yi)(yi)少(shao)牢。武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)时(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)德皇帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei),文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)时(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)。废(fei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)即(ji)(ji)位,以(yi)(yi)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)青帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。牲用(yong)(yong)黄(huang)(huang)牯(gu)(gu)牛,而(er)以(yi)(yi)清(qing)酒(jiu)四(si)升洗其(qi)(qi)(qi)首。其(qi)(qi)(qi)坛墠(shan)(shan)配(pei)(pei)飨歌舞(wu),皆(jie)如梁(liang)礼。天子不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲奉,则(ze)太(tai)(tai)宰、太(tai)(tai)常、光禄行三献礼。其(qi)(qi)(qi)法皆(jie)采齐(qi)建(jian)武二(er)年事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。梁(liang)、陈制(zhi),诸祠官皆(jie)给除秽(hui)气药,先(xian)斋(zhai)(zhai)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)报(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)取清(qing)洁。天监九年,有(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)雩(yu)坛。武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)既类(lei)阴,而(er)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正阳,其(qi)(qi)(qi)谬已甚(shen)。东(dong)方(fang)既非盛阳,而(er)为(wei)(wei)生养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,则(ze)雩(yu)坛应在(zai)东(dong)方(fang),祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)晴亦(yi)宜(yi)此地(di)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是遂移于(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)郊(jiao)。十(shi)年,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)雩(yu)祭(ji)燔(fan)柴(chai),以(yi)(yi)火祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui),于(yu)(yu)(yu)理为(wei)(wei)乖。仪曹郎(lang)硃异议(yi)(yi)曰:“案周宣《云(yun)(yun)汉(han)(han)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗,毛注有(you)(you)瘗埋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)有(you)(you)燔(fan)柴(chai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说。若以(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)必柴(chai),今明(ming)堂又(you)(you)无其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是停用(yong)(yong)柴(chai),从(cong)坎瘗典。十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰:“四(si)望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si),顷来(lai)遂绝。宜(yi)更(geng)议(yi)(yi)复(fu)。”硃异议(yi)(yi):“郑(zheng)(zheng)众云(yun)(yun):‘四(si)望(wang)谓日(ri)(ri)(ri)月星海(hai)(hai)。’郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun):‘谓五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳四(si)镇(zhen)四(si)渎(du)。’寻(xun)二(er)郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,互有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。窃(qie)以(yi)(yi)望(wang)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,凡厥遥(yao)祭(ji),皆(jie)有(you)(you)斯目。岂容局于(yu)(yu)(yu)星汉(han)(han),拘于(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)渎(du)?请命(ming)司天,有(you)(you)关(guan)水(shui)旱(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,爰有(you)(you)四(si)海(hai)(hai)名山(shan)大(da)川(chuan),能兴云(yun)(yun)致雨(yu)(yu)(yu),一(yi)(yi)皆(jie)备(bei)祭(ji)。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)扬州主簿顾(gu)协(xie)又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun):“《礼》‘仲夏大(da)雩(yu)’,《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》‘龙见(jian)而(er)雩(yu)’,则(ze)雩(yu)常祭(ji)也(ye),水(shui)旱(han)(han)且又(you)(you)祷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓宜(yi)式备(bei)斯典。”太(tai)(tai)常博士亦(yi)从(cong)协(xie)议(yi)(yi)。祠部郎(lang)明(ming)岩卿(qing)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei):“祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)报(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si),已备(bei)郊(jiao)禋(yin),沿(yan)革有(you)(you)时(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必同(tong)揆。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)从(cong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)议(yi)(yi),依旧(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)改。大(da)同(tong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)年,又(you)(you)筑雩(yu)坛于(yu)(yu)(yu)藉田(tian)兆内。有(you)(you)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)珝,则(ze)斋(zhai)(zhai)官寄藉田(tian)省云(yun)(yun)。
后(hou)齐以(yi)(yi)孟(meng)夏(xia)龙见(jian)而雩(yu),祭太微五(wu)精帝(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)夏(xia)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)。为圆坛,广四(si)十五(wu)尺(chi),高九尺(chi),四(si)面各一(yi)陛(bi)。为三壝外营,相去深浅,并燎坛,一(yi)如南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)上祈谷实,以(yi)(yi)显(xian)宗文宣帝(di)(di)(di)配。青(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)在甲寅之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),赤(chi)帝(di)(di)(di)在丙巳之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),黄帝(di)(di)(di)在己(ji)未之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),白(bai)帝(di)(di)(di)在庚申之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),黑帝(di)(di)(di)在壬(ren)亥之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)。面皆内向,藉以(yi)(yi)藁秸(jie)。配帝(di)(di)(di)在青(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)南,小退,藉以(yi)(yi)莞席,牲以(yi)(yi)骍(xing)。其(qi)仪同南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。又祈祷者有(you)九焉:一(yi)曰(yue)雩(yu),二(er)曰(yue)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),三曰(yue)尧(yao)庙(miao)(miao),四(si)曰(yue)孔(kong)、颜庙(miao)(miao),五(wu)曰(yue)社稷(ji),六曰(yue)五(wu)岳(yue),七曰(yue)四(si)渎(du),八曰(yue)滏口(kou),九曰(yue)豹(bao)祠(ci)。水旱疠疫,皆有(you)事焉。无牲,皆以(yi)(yi)酒脯枣栗之(zhi)(zhi)馔。若建(jian)午、建(jian)未、建(jian)申之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)不雨,则(ze)使(shi)三公祈五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)雩(yu)坛。礼用玉币,有(you)燎,不设金石之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le),选伎工(gong)端洁善讴咏者,使(shi)歌《云(yun)汉(han)》诗于(yu)(yu)(yu)坛南。自余同正雩(yu)。南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)使(shi)三公祈五(wu)天帝(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)坛,有(you)燎,座位如雩(yu)。五(wu)人(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)各在天帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)左。其(qi)仪如郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)礼。尧(yao)庙(miao)(miao),则(ze)遣(qian)(qian)使(shi)祈于(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)阳。孔(kong)、颜庙(miao)(miao),则(ze)遣(qian)(qian)使(shi)祈于(yu)(yu)(yu)国学,如尧(yao)庙(miao)(miao)。社稷(ji)如正祭。五(wu)岳(yue),遣(qian)(qian)使(shi)祈于(yu)(yu)(yu)岳(yue)所。四(si)渎(du)如祈五(wu)岳(yue),滏口(kou)如祈尧(yao)庙(miao)(miao),豹(bao)祠(ci)如祈滏口(kou)。
隋雩(yu)坛,国南十三里启(qi)夏门(men)外道(dao)左。高(gao)一丈,周百(bai)(bai)二十尺。孟夏之月,龙(long)星见,则雩(yu)五方(fang)上帝(di),配以五人帝(di)于(yu)(yu)上,以太(tai)祖(zu)武元帝(di)配飨,五官(guan)从(cong)配于(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)。牲(sheng)用(yong)犊十,各依方(fang)色。京师孟夏后(hou)(hou)旱,则祈雨(yu),理冤狱失职,存(cun)鳏寡孤(gu)独,振困乏,掩骼(ge)埋胔,省徭役,进贤(xian)良,举直言,退佞谄(chan),黜贪残,命有司(si)会男女,恤怨(yuan)旷。七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),乃(nai)(nai)祈岳镇(zhen)海(hai)渎(du)(du)及(ji)诸山川(chuan)能兴云(yun)雨(yu)者;又(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),乃(nai)(nai)祈社稷及(ji)古(gu)来百(bai)(bai)辟卿士有益于(yu)(yu)人者;又(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),乃(nai)(nai)祈宗庙(miao)及(ji)古(gu)帝(di)王有神(shen)祠者;又(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),乃(nai)(nai)修(xiu)雩(yu),祈神(shen)州(zhou);又(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),仍(reng)不(bu)(bu)雨(yu),复(fu)从(cong)岳渎(du)(du)已下(xia)(xia)祈如初典。秋(qiu)分已后(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)雩(yu),但祷(dao)而(er)已。皆(jie)用(yong)酒脯。初请后(hou)(hou)二旬(xun)不(bu)(bu)雨(yu)者,即徙(xi)市(shi)禁(jin)屠(tu)。皇帝(di)御素服,避正殿,减膳(shan)撤乐(le),或露坐听政。百(bai)(bai)官(guan)断伞扇。令(ling)人家造土(tu)龙(long)。雨(yu)澍,则命有司(si)报(bao)。州(zhou)郡尉祈雨(yu),则理冤狱,存(cun)鳏寡孤(gu)独,掩骼(ge)埋胔,洁(jie)斋祈于(yu)(yu)社。七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),乃(nai)(nai)祈界(jie)内山川(chuan)能兴雨(yu)者,徙(xi)市(shi)断屠(tu)如京师。祈而(er)澍,亦(yi)各有报(bao)。霖雨(yu)则珝(xu)京城诸门(men),三珝(xu)不(bu)(bu)止,则祈山川(chuan)岳镇(zhen)海(hai)渎(du)(du)社稷。又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)止,则祈宗庙(miao)神(shen)州(zhou)。报(bao)以太(tai)牢。州(zhou)郡县苦雨(yu),亦(yi)各珝(xu)其城门(men),不(bu)(bu)止则祈界(jie)内山川(chuan)。及(ji)祈报(bao),用(yong)羊豕。
《礼》,天子每以四(si)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日及季夏,乘玉辂,建大(da)旂,服大(da)裘,各于其(qi)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)近郊(jiao)为兆,迎(ying)其(qi)帝而祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所谓燔柴于泰坛,扫地而祭者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。春迎(ying)灵(ling)威仰者(zhe),三春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,万(wan)物(wu)禀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而生(sheng),莫不仰其(qi)灵(ling)德,服而畏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。夏迎(ying)赤(chi)熛怒者(zhe),火色票怒,其(qi)灵(ling)炎至明盛也(ye)(ye)。秋迎(ying)白招拒者(zhe),招集,拒大(da)也(ye)(ye),言秋时(shi)(shi)集成万(wan)物(wu),其(qi)功大(da)也(ye)(ye)。冬迎(ying)叶光纪(ji)者(zhe),叶拾,光华,纪(ji)法也(ye)(ye),言冬时(shi)(shi)收拾光华之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色,伏而藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)有法也(ye)(ye)。中迎(ying)含枢纽(niu)者(zhe),含容(rong)也(ye)(ye),枢机有开(kai)(kai)阖(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,纽(niu)者(zhe)结也(ye)(ye)。言土德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝,能含容(rong)万(wan)物(wu),开(kai)(kai)阖(he)有时(shi)(shi),纽(niu)结有法也(ye)(ye)。然此(ci)五帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao),皆(jie)(jie)以其(qi)德而名焉(yan)。梁(liang)、陈、后(hou)齐、后(hou)周及隋(sui),制度(du)相循,皆(jie)(jie)以其(qi)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,各于其(qi)郊(jiao)迎(ying),而以太皞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属五人帝配祭。并以五官、三辰(chen)、七宿(su)于其(qi)方从祀焉(yan)。
梁制(zhi),迎(ying)(ying)气以始(shi)祖(zu)配,牲用(yong)特牛一(yi)(yi),其仪同南郊(jiao)。天监七年,尚书(shu)左丞司马筠等议:“以昆虫未蛰,不(bu)以火田,鸠化为(wei)鹰,罻罗方设。仲(zhong)春之(zhi)(zhi)月,祀(si)(si)不(bu)用(yong)牲,止(zhi)珪(gui)璧皮币。斯又事(shi)神之(zhi)(zhi)道,可以不(bu)杀明矣。况今祀(si)(si)天,岂容尚此(ci)?请夏(xia)初(chu)迎(ying)(ying)气,祭不(bu)用(yong)牲。”帝(di)(di)从之(zhi)(zhi)。八年,明山宾议曰:“《周官》祀(si)(si)昊天以大(da)裘,祀(si)(si)五(wu)帝(di)(di)亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)。顷代郊(jiao)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu),皆(jie)(jie)用(yong)衮冕(mian),是以前(qian)奏迎(ying)(ying)气、祀(si)(si)五(wu)帝(di)(di),亦(yi)服(fu)(fu)衮冕(mian)。愚谓(wei)迎(ying)(ying)气、祀(si)(si)五(wu)帝(di)(di)亦(yi)宜用(yong)大(da)裘,礼俱一(yi)(yi)献。”帝(di)(di)从之(zhi)(zhi)。陈迎(ying)(ying)气之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),皆(jie)(jie)因梁制(zhi)。
后(hou)齐五(wu)郊(jiao)迎气,为坛各于(yu)四郊(jiao),又为黄坛于(yu)未(wei)地。所祀天帝及配(pei)帝五(wu)官之(zhi)(zhi)神同梁。其玉帛牲各以其方色(se)。其仪与南郊(jiao)同。帝及后(hou)各以夕牲日之(zhi)(zhi)旦(dan),太尉陈币,告请其庙(miao),以就配(pei)焉。其从祀之(zhi)(zhi)官,位(wei)皆(jie)南陛之(zhi)(zhi)东,西向。坛上设(she)馔(zhuan)毕,太宰丞设(she)馔(zhuan)于(yu)其座。亚献毕,太常少(shao)卿乃(nai)于(yu)其所献。事毕,皆(jie)撤。又云(yun),立(li)(li)春前五(wu)日,于(yu)州大(da)门外之(zhi)(zhi)东,造青(qing)土牛两头,耕夫犁具。立(li)(li)春,有司迎春于(yu)东郊(jiao),竖青(qing)幡于(yu)青(qing)牛之(zhi)(zhi)傍焉。
后周五郊(jiao)坛其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)崇及去国,如其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行之(zhi)数(shu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)广皆四(si)丈(zhang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)俱百二十步(bu)。内壝皆半(ban)之(zhi)。祭配皆同(tong)后齐。星辰、七宿、岳镇、海(hai)渎、山林、川泽(ze)、丘陵(ling)、坟衍,亦各(ge)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)配郊(jiao)而祀之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)星辰为坛,崇五尺,方(fang)二丈(zhang)。岳镇为坎(kan),方(fang)二丈(zhang),深(shen)二尺。山林已(yi)下(xia),亦为坎(kan)。坛,崇三尺,坎(kan)深(shen)一尺,俱方(fang)一丈(zhang)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仪颇同(tong)南(nan)郊(jiao)。冢宰亚献(xian),宗伯终献(xian),礼毕(bi)。
隋五时迎气。青郊(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan),国(guo)(guo)东春明(ming)门(men)(men)外(wai)道北(bei)(bei),去(qu)宫(gong)八(ba)里(li)。高(gao)(gao)八(ba)尺(chi)。赤郊(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan),国(guo)(guo)南(nan)明(ming)德门(men)(men)外(wai)道西,去(qu)宫(gong)十三里(li),高(gao)(gao)七(qi)尺(chi)。黄(huang)郊(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan),国(guo)(guo)南(nan)安化(hua)门(men)(men)外(wai)道西,去(qu)宫(gong)十二(er)里(li),高(gao)(gao)七(qi)尺(chi)。白郊(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan),国(guo)(guo)西开(kai)远门(men)(men)外(wai)道南(nan),去(qu)宫(gong)八(ba)里(li),高(gao)(gao)九尺(chi)。黑郊(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)(tan),宫(gong)北(bei)(bei)十一里(li)丑地,高(gao)(gao)六尺(chi)。并广(guang)四丈。各(ge)(ge)以四方(fang)立(li)日(ri),黄(huang)郊(jiao)(jiao)以季夏土(tu)王(wang)日(ri)。祀其(qi)(qi)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)帝,各(ge)(ge)配以人(ren)帝,以太(tai)祖武元帝配。五官及星三辰(chen)七(qi)宿,亦各(ge)(ge)依其(qi)(qi)方(fang)从祀。其(qi)(qi)牲依方(fang)色,各(ge)(ge)用犊(du)二(er),星辰(chen)加羊豕各(ge)(ge)一。其(qi)(qi)仪同南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)。其(qi)(qi)岳渎镇海,各(ge)(ge)依五时迎气日(ri),遣使就其(qi)(qi)所(suo),祭之(zhi)(zhi)以太(tai)牢。
晋江左(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)宋(song)、齐(qi)相(xiang)承(cheng)(cheng),始(shi)受命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),皆(jie)立(li)六(liu)(liu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),虚太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。宋(song)武(wu)(wu)初为(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)王,立(li)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)于(yu)(yu)彭城(cheng),但(dan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)已(yi)下四(si)(si)(si)世。中(zhong)(zhong)兴(xing)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),梁武(wu)(wu)初为(wei)(wei)(wei)梁公。曹文思议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi): “天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)受命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri),便祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯始(shi)封(feng),即祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。”祠部郎谢广等(deng)并驳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遂(sui)不(bu)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)。乃(nai)(nai)(nai)建(jian)台(tai),于(yu)(yu)东(dong)城(cheng)立(li)四(si)(si)(si)亲庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),并妃郗氏而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。告(gao)(gao)祠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),并用(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)牢(lao)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)(si)(si)月(yue),即皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。谢广又(you)(you)(you)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)初祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)常祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),首(shou)月(yue)既(ji)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)移易,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依(yi)前克(ke)日(ri)(ri)于(yu)(yu)东(dong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)致斋(zhai)。帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。遂(sui)于(yu)(yu)东(dong)城(cheng)时(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)讫(qi)(qi),迁(qian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。始(shi)自(zi)(zi)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)府君(jun)、皇(huang)(huang)(huang)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)淮阴府君(jun)、皇(huang)(huang)(huang)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)济阴府君(jun)、皇(huang)(huang)(huang)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)从(cong)(cong)事(shi)史(shi)府君(jun)、皇(huang)(huang)(huang)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)特(te)进(jin)府君(jun),并皇(huang)(huang)(huang)考(kao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)昭三(san)穆(mu),凡(fan)六(liu)(liu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。追尊皇(huang)(huang)(huang)考(kao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di),皇(huang)(huang)(huang)妣为(wei)(wei)(wei)德皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou),庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)号太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)特(te)进(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,皆(jie)不(bu)追尊。拟祖(zu)(zu)(zu)迁(qian)于(yu)(yu)上,而(er)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)毁,与六(liu)(liu)亲庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),皆(jie)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)堂,共庭而(er)别室(shi)(shi)(shi)。春(chun)(chun)(chun)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)礿、秋(qiu)尝、冬(dong)烝(zheng)并腊(la),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁凡(fan)五(wu)(wu),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di),五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)袷,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殷(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。禘(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia),祫(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)冬(dong),皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)(gong)臣配。其(qi)(qi)(qi)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)颇同南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)。又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)。非嫡,故别立(li)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)每祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)讫(qi)(qi),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)诣小(xiao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)牢(lao),如(ru)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)礼(li)(li)(li)。天(tian)(tian)监三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),尚书(shu)左(zuo)(zuo)丞何佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“禘(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)首(shou)夏(xia)(xia)(xia),物皆(jie)未(wei)成,故为(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)。祫(xia)于(yu)(yu)秋(qiu)冬(dong),万物皆(jie)成,其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼(li)(li)(li)尤大(da)(da)(da)(da)。司(si)勋列功(gong)(gong)臣有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu),皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)烝(zheng),知祫(xia)尤大(da)(da)(da)(da),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)及之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。近(jin)代(dai)禘(di)(di)祫(xia),并不(bu)及功(gong)(gong)臣,有(you)(you)(you)乖(guai)典制(zhi)。宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)改。”诏(zhao)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)祫(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)及功(gong)(gong)臣。是(shi)(shi)岁,都令(ling)史(shi)王景之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),列自(zi)(zi)江左(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)来,郊(jiao)(jiao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),帝(di)(di)(di)已(yi)入(ru)(ru)斋(zhai),百(bai)姓(xing)尚哭(ku)(ku),以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乖(guai)礼(li)(li)(li)。佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)奏(zou):“案《礼(li)(li)(li)》国门在皋门外,今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篱门是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)古殊(shu)(shu)制(zhi),若禁凶服不(bu)得(de)入(ru)(ru)篱门为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)远(yuan),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)门为(wei)(wei)(wei)断(duan)。”诏(zhao)曰(yue)(yue):“六(liu)(liu)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,士庶甚多,四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)烝(zheng)尝,俱断(duan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)哭(ku)(ku)。若有(you)(you)(you)死(si)者(zhe),棺器(qi)须来,既(ji)许(xu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da),而(er)不(bu)许(xu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)细也(ye)(ye)。到斋(zhai)日(ri)(ri),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)去庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)二(er)百(bai)步断(duan)哭(ku)(ku)。”四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),何佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi): “案《礼(li)(li)(li)》未(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri),大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)省(sheng)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)镬(huo),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晨(chen)(chen),君(jun)亲牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)丽碑(bei)。后(hou)代(dai)有(you)(you)(you)冒(mao)暗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)防,而(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)犹必(bi)亲奉,故有(you)(you)(you)夕牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。顷代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun),不(bu)复(fu)(fu)躬(gong)牵(qian)(qian)(qian),相(xiang)承(cheng)(cheng)丹(dan)阳尹牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),于(yu)(yu)古无取(qu)。宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)未(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暮,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常省(sheng)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)视镬(huo),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晨(chen)(chen),使(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)尉牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)出入(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)。少牢(lao)馈(kui)食,杀牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)门外,今(jin)《仪(yi)(yi)(yi)注(zhu)》诣厨烹牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),谓宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)旧(jiu)。”帝(di)(di)(di)可(ke)(ke)其(qi)(qi)(qi)奏(zou)。佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue): “郑(zheng)玄云:‘天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li),先有(you)(you)(you)裸(luo)尸(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)迎牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。’今(jin)《仪(yi)(yi)(yi)注(zhu)》乃(nai)(nai)(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)荐熟毕(bi),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)方(fang)执珪瓚裸(luo)地,违谬若斯。又(you)(you)(you)近(jin)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun),不(bu)复(fu)(fu)躬(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)裸(luo)礼(li)(li)(li)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)尉既(ji)摄位(wei)(wei)(wei),实(shi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亲执其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi),而(er)越使(shi)(shi)卑贱太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祝(zhu),甚乖(guai)旧(jiu)典。愚谓祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晨(chen)(chen),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)尉先行(xing)(xing)(xing)裸(luo)献(xian),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)后(hou)迎牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”帝(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue):“裸(luo)尸(shi)(shi)本(ben)使(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)附。今(jin)既(ji)无尸(shi)(shi),裸(luo)将安设?”佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)“如(ru)马(ma)(ma)、郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,裸(luo)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)献(xian)尸(shi)(shi),而(er)义(yi)(yi)在求神(shen)(shen)(shen)。今(jin)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)无尸(shi)(shi),求神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),恐不(bu)可(ke)(ke)阙。”帝(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue):“此本(ben)因尸(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)(shen)。今(jin)若无尸(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)寄求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)。”裸(luo)义(yi)(yi)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)定。佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)统(tong)》云: ‘献(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,莫(mo)重于(yu)(yu)裸(luo)。’今(jin)既(ji)存尸(shi)(shi)卒食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)献(xian),则(ze)(ze)裸(luo)鬯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求,实(shi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)阙。又(you)(you)(you)送神(shen)(shen)(shen)更裸(luo),经记无文,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)革。”奏(zou)未(wei)报而(er)佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒。后(hou)明(ming)山宾(bin)复(fu)(fu)申其(qi)(qi)(qi)理。帝(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue):“佟(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既(ji)不(bu)复(fu)(fu)存,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)从(cong)(cong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”自(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)始(shi)使(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)尉代(dai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)裸(luo)而(er)又(you)(you)(you)牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常任昉又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)未(wei)明(ming)九刻(ke)呈牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),又(you)(you)(you)加(jia)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)尉裸(luo)酒(jiu),三(san)刻(ke)施馔(zhuan),间(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)五(wu)(wu)刻(ke),行(xing)(xing)(xing)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)办。近(jin)者(zhe)临(lin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)从(cong)(cong)事(shi),实(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)更,至(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)明(ming)三(san)刻(ke)方(fang)办。明(ming)山宾(bin)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):“谓九刻(ke)已(yi)疑(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)早,况二(er)更非复(fu)(fu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)旦。”帝(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue):“夜半子(zi)(zi)时(shi),即是(shi)(shi)晨(chen)(chen)始(shi)。宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取(qu)三(san)更省(sheng)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),余(yu)依(yi)《仪(yi)(yi)(yi)注(zhu)》。”又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或离杙,依(yi)制(zhi)埋瘗,猪羊(yang)死(si)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)埋。请(qing)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)。司(si)马(ma)(ma)褧等(deng)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)则(ze)(ze)埋,必(bi)在涤(di)矣。谓三(san)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在涤(di),死(si)悉(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)埋。”帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),明(ming)山宾(bin)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):“樽(zun)(zun)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)图(tu)》唯有(you)(you)(you)三(san)樽(zun)(zun):一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)象樽(zun)(zun),周樽(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye);二(er)曰(yue)(yue)山罍,夏(xia)(xia)(xia)樽(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye);三(san)曰(yue)(yue)著樽(zun)(zun),殷(yin)樽(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)。徒有(you)(you)(you)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)名,竟(jing)无其(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi),直酌象樽(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)珪瓚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)。窃寻裸(luo)重于(yu)(yu)献(xian),不(bu)容共樽(zun)(zun),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)循(xun)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)备(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)典。案礼(li)(li)(li)器(qi)有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi),春(chun)(chun)(chun)祠夏(xia)(xia)(xia)礿,裸(luo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鸡(ji)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)鸟彝(yi)(yi)(yi)。王以(yi)(yi)(yi)珪瓚初裸(luo),后(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)璋瓚亚裸(luo),故春(chun)(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)两祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),俱用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)。今(jin)古礼(li)(li)(li)殊(shu)(shu),无复(fu)(fu)亚裸(luo),止循(xun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)。春(chun)(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)鸡(ji)彝(yi)(yi)(yi),秋(qiu)冬(dong)牛彝(yi)(yi)(yi),庶礼(li)(li)(li)物备(bei)也(ye)(ye)。”帝(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue):“鸡(ji)是(shi)(shi)金禽(qin),亦主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)巽(xun)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。但(dan)金火(huo)相(xiang)伏(fu),用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通夏(xia)(xia)(xia),于(yu)(yu)义(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)疑(yi)。” 山宾(bin)曰(yue)(yue):“臣愚管,不(bu)奉明(ming)诏(zhao),则(ze)(ze)终年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)乖(guai)舛。案鸟彝(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)南(nan)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,则(ze)(ze)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)火(huo)位(wei)(wei)(wei),木生于(yu)(yu)火(huo),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)鸟彝(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)兼用(yong)(yong)(yong)。”帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),舍(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)(ren)周舍(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei):“《礼(li)(li)(li)》“玉辂(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),金辂(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)宾(bin)’,则(ze)(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)应(ying)乘玉辂(lu)(lu)。”诏(zhao)下其(qi)(qi)(qi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。左(zuo)(zuo)丞孔休(xiu)源议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):“玉辂(lu)(lu)既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)文,而(er)《仪(yi)(yi)(yi)注(zhu)》金辂(lu)(lu),当由宋(song)、齐(qi)乖(guai)谬,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依(yi)舍(she)(she)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)(you)礼(li)(li)(li)官司(si)马(ma)(ma)筠议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):“自(zi)(zi)今(jin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi),遍(bian)告(gao)(gao)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),小(xiao)事(shi)止告(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)封(feng)禅,南(nan)、北郊(jiao)(jiao),祀(si)(si)(si)(si)明(ming)堂,巡(xun)省(sheng)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang),御临(lin)戎出征,皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)加(jia)元服,寇贼平荡,筑宫立(li)阙,纂戎戒严、解严,合十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)条(tiao),则(ze)(ze)遍(bian)告(gao)(gao)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。讲(jiang)武(wu)(wu),修宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)明(ming)堂,临(lin)轩封(feng)拜公王,四(si)(si)(si)夷款化贡方(fang)物,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公王以(yi)(yi)(yi)愆(qian)削封(feng),及诏(zhao)封(feng)王绍袭,合六(liu)(liu)条(tiao),则(ze)(ze)告(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),诏(zhao)簠簋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)藉(jie)田黑黍(shu)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),诏(zhao)曰(yue)(yue):“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)(yong)洗(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)水盥,仍又(you)(you)(you)涤(di)爵(jue)。爵(jue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)穷(qiong)精洁(jie),而(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,杂用(yong)(yong)(yong)洗(xi)手,外可(ke)(ke)详议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)御及三(san)公应(ying)盥及洗(xi)爵(jue),各用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)(si)(si)月(yue),诏(zhao)曰(yue)(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)无常飨,飨于(yu)(yu)克(ke)诚(cheng),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)西邻礿祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),实(shi)受其(qi)(qi)(qi)福。宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),犹有(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牢(lao),无益(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)诚(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)累冥道(dao)。自(zi)(zi)今(jin)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)烝(zheng)尝外,可(ke)(ke)量代(dai)。”八(ba)座议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):“以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)脯(fu)代(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元大(da)(da)(da)(da)武(wu)(wu)。” 八(ba)座又(you)(you)(you)奏(zou):“既(ji)停宰杀,无复(fu)(fu)省(sheng)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),请(qing)立(li)省(sheng)馔(zhuan)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)众官陪列,并同省(sheng)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。” 帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)月(yue),诏(zhao)曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)无复(fu)(fu)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)腥,犹有(you)(you)(you)脯(fu)修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),即之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幽明(ming),义(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)未(wei)尽。可(ke)(ke)更详定,悉(xi)荐时(shi)蔬。”左(zuo)(zuo)丞司(si)马(ma)(ma)筠等(deng)参(can)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)饼代(dai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)脯(fu),余(yu)悉(xi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蔬菜(cai)。”帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)(you)舍(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)(ren)硃异议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):“二(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),相(xiang)承(cheng)(cheng)止有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)钅幵(jian)(jian)羹(geng),盖祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),应(ying)有(you)(you)(you)两羹(geng),相(xiang)承(cheng)(cheng)止于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)钅幵(jian)(jian),即礼(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乖(guai)。请(qing)加(jia)熬油(you)羹(geng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)钅幵(jian)(jian)。”帝(di)(di)(di)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)起(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)敬殿、景阳台(tai),立(li)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)座。月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)再设净馔(zhuan)。自(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)讫(qi)(qi)于(yu)(yu)台(tai)城(cheng)破,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)遂(sui)不(bu)血食。普通七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),祔皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)生丁贵嫔神(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)小(xiao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)仪(yi)(yi)(yi),未(wei)祔前,先修坎(kan)(kan)室(shi)(shi)(shi),改涂。其(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),有(you)(you)(you)司(si)行(xing)(xing)(xing)扫(sao)除,开坎(kan)(kan)室(shi)(shi)(shi),奉皇(huang)(huang)(huang)考(kao)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)坐。奠制(zhi)币讫(qi)(qi),众官入(ru)(ru)自(zi)(zi)东(dong)门,位(wei)(wei)(wei)定,祝(zhu)告(gao)(gao)讫(qi)(qi),撤币,埋于(yu)(yu)两楹间(jian)。有(you)(you)(you)司(si)迁(qian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)上,又(you)(you)(you)奉穆(mu)贵嫔神(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)下,陈(chen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi),如(ru)时(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)。礼(li)(li)(li)毕(bi),纳神(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),闭于(yu)(yu)坎(kan)(kan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。陈(chen)制(zhi),立(li)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁五(wu)(wu)祠,谓春(chun)(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)秋(qiu)冬(dong)腊(la)也(ye)(ye)。每祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)牢(lao),始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)首(shou),余(yu)唯骨体而(er)已(yi)。五(wu)(wu)岁再殷(yin),殷(yin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)而(er)合祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。初,文帝(di)(di)(di)入(ru)(ru)嗣,而(er)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)考(kao)始(shi)兴(xing)昭烈王庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在始(shi)兴(xing)国,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。天(tian)(tian)嘉四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),徙东(dong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),祔于(yu)(yu)梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),改曰(yue)(yue)国庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)。
后(hou)齐文(wen)(wen)襄(xiang)嗣位,犹为(wei)魏臣,置王(wang)(wang)高(gao)祖(zu)秦州使君、王(wang)(wang)曾祖(zu)太(tai)尉(wei)武贞公、王(wang)(wang)祖(zu)太(tai)师文(wen)(wen)穆公、王(wang)(wang)考相(xiang)国献(xian)武王(wang)(wang),凡四庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。文(wen)(wen)宣帝(di)(di)(di)受禅,置六庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):曰皇(huang)祖(zu)司空公庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、皇(huang)祖(zu)吏部尚书庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、皇(huang)祖(zu)秦州使君庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、皇(huang)祖(zu)文(wen)(wen)穆皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、太(tai)祖(zu)献(xian)武皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、世宗文(wen)(wen)襄(xiang)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),为(wei)六庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。献(xian)武已下(xia)不毁,已上则递毁。并(bing)同(tong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而别室。既而迁神(shen)主于(yu)太(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。文(wen)(wen)襄(xiang)文(wen)(wen)宣,并(bing)太(tai)祖(zu)之子,文(wen)(wen)宣初疑(yi)其(qi)昭(zhao)穆之次(ci),欲(yu)别立(li)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。众议不同(tong)。至二(er)年秋,始祔太(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。春(chun)祠(ci)、夏礿、秋尝(chang)、冬烝(zheng),皆(jie)以孟月(yue),并(bing)腊(la),凡五祭(ji)。禘祫如梁之制(zhi)。每祭(ji),室一太(tai)牢(lao),始以皇(huang)后(hou)预祭(ji)。河(he)清定令(ling),四时祭(ji)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)禘祭(ji)及元日庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)庭(ting),并(bing)设庭(ting)燎(liao)二(er)所。
王及(ji)五(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)开(kai)国,执(zhi)(zhi)事官、散(san)(san)官从(cong)三(san)品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)上(shang),皆(jie)祀(si)五(wu)(wu)世(shi)。五(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)散(san)(san)品(pin)(pin)及(ji)执(zhi)(zhi)事官、散(san)(san)官正三(san)品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)从(cong)五(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)上(shang),祭(ji)(ji)三(san)世(shi)。三(san)品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)上(shang),牲用(yong)一太牢(lao),五(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),少牢(lao)。执(zhi)(zhi)事官正六品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),从(cong)七品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)上(shang),祭(ji)(ji)二(er)世(shi),用(yong)特牲。正八品(pin)(pin)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),达(da)于(yu)庶人,祭(ji)(ji)于(yu)寝(qin),牲用(yong)特肫(zhun),或亦祭(ji)(ji)祖祢。诸庙(miao)悉依(yi)其宅堂之制,其间数各依(yi)庙(miao)多(duo)少为限。其牲皆(jie)子孙见官之牲。
后(hou)周之制,思复古之道,乃(nai)右宗庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而左社稷。置太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之庙(miao)(miao)(miao),并高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)已下二昭二穆(mu),凡五。亲(qin)尽(jin)则(ze)迁(qian)。其有德者谓之祧,庙(miao)(miao)(miao)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)毁。闵帝(di)受禅,追尊皇(huang)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)德皇(huang)帝(di),文(wen)王为(wei)文(wen)皇(huang)帝(di),庙(miao)(miao)(miao)号太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)。拟已上三庙(miao)(miao)(miao)递迁(qian),至太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)毁。其下相承(cheng)置二昭二穆(mu)为(wei)五焉。明帝(di)崩,庙(miao)(miao)(miao)号世宗,武帝(di)崩,庙(miao)(miao)(miao)号高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),并为(wei)祧庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而不(bu)(bu)毁。其时祭,各于其庙(miao)(miao)(miao),祫禘则(ze)于太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),亦(yi)以皇(huang)后(hou)预祭。其仪与后(hou)齐(qi)同(tong)。所异者,皇(huang)后(hou)亚献讫(qi),后(hou)又(you)荐加豆之笾,其实菱(ling)芡芹菹兔醢。冢宰终献讫(qi),皇(huang)后(hou)亲(qin)撤豆,降还板位。然后(hou)太(tai)(tai)祝撤焉。
高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)既(ji)受命(ming)(ming)(ming),遣兼太(tai)(tai)(tai)保宇文(wen)善、兼太(tai)(tai)(tai)尉(wei)李询,奉(feng)策诣同(tong)州,告皇(huang)(huang)(huang)考桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),兼用女巫,同(tong)家人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。上皇(huang)(huang)(huang)考桓王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)尊号为(wei)武元(yuan)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di),皇(huang)(huang)(huang)妣尊号为(wei)元(yuan)明(ming)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后,奉(feng)迎神主(zhu),归于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)京师。牺(xi)牲尚赤(chi),祭用日出。是时(shi)帝(di)(di)崇建社庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),改周(zhou)制,左(zuo)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而右社稷。宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)未言始祖(zu)(zu)(zu),又(you)无受命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧,自高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)已(yi)下,置四(si)亲庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),同(tong)殿异室而已(yi)。一(yi)曰(yue)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原府(fu)君(jun)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),二曰(yue)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)康王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),三曰(yue)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)献王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),四(si)曰(yue)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)考太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)武元(yuan)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。拟祖(zu)(zu)(zu)迁于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上,而太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)毁。各(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孟(meng)月(yue)(yue),飨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)牢(lao)。四(si)时(shi)荐新于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),有司(si)行事(shi),而不(bu)出神主(zhu)。祔(fu)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),并(bing)准时(shi)飨。其(qi)司(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming),户(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春,灶以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夏,门以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)秋(qiu),行以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬(dong),各(ge)(ge)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)享庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)日,中(zhong)霤则以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)季夏祀黄郊日,各(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)有司(si),祭于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)西门道南。牲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)少牢(lao)。三年一(yi)祫,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孟(meng)冬(dong),迁主(zhu)、未迁主(zhu)合食(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。五年一(yi)禘,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孟(meng)夏,其(qi)迁主(zhu)各(ge)(ge)食(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),未迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)各(ge)(ge)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。禘祫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue),则停时(shi)飨,而陈诸瑞(rui)物及伐国(guo)所获珍奇于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)庭,及以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功臣配(pei)(pei)飨。并(bing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)日,使祀先代王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公:帝(di)(di)尧于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)平阳,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)契配(pei)(pei);帝(di)(di)舜于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)河东(dong),咎繇配(pei)(pei);夏禹于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)邑,伯益配(pei)(pei);殷汤于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)汾阴,伊尹配(pei)(pei);文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、武王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斁渭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊,周(zhou)公、召公配(pei)(pei);汉(han)高(gao)帝(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)长陵,萧何配(pei)(pei)。各(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)牢(lao)而无乐(le)。配(pei)(pei)者飨于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)庭。大业(ye)元(yuan)年,炀帝(di)(di)欲遵周(zhou)法,营(ying)立七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),诏有司(si)详定其(qi)礼(li)。礼(li)部侍郎、摄太(tai)(tai)(tai)常少卿(qing)许善心与博士褚(chu)亮(liang)等议曰(yue):
谨(jin)案《礼记(ji)》:“天子七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),三(san)昭(zhao)(zhao)三(san)穆(mu)(mu),与(yu)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)七(qi)。”郑玄(xuan)注曰:“此周制也(ye)(ye)。七(qi)者(zhe),太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)文王(wang)、武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧,与(yu)亲(qin)(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)。殷则(ze)六(liu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),契及(ji)汤与(yu)二昭(zhao)(zhao)二穆(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)。夏则(ze)五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),无太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),禹与(yu)二昭(zhao)(zhao)二穆(mu)(mu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。”玄(xuan)又据王(wang)者(zhe)禘其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所自(zi)出,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。案郑玄(xuan)义(yi),天子唯(wei)立(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)亲(qin)(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),并(bing)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)。周以(yi)(yi)(yi)文、武(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)受(shou)(shou)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),特立(li)二祧,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。王(wang)肃(su)注《礼记(ji)》:“尊者(zhe)尊统上(shang),卑者(zhe)尊统下。故天子七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。其(qi)有殊功异(yi)德,非太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不毁,不在(zai)七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数。”案王(wang)肃(su)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天子七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),是(shi)(shi)通百代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,又据《王(wang)制》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文“天子七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),大夫三(san)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”,降(jiang)二为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差。是(shi)(shi)则(ze)天子立(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)亲(qin)(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),又立(li)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父,高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),并(bing)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)。周有文、武(wu)(wu)、姜嫄,合为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。汉诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)各(ge)立(li),无迭毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。至(zhi)元帝时(shi),贡禹、匡衡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,始(shi)建(jian)其(qi)礼,以(yi)(yi)(yi)高帝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)亲(qin)(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。唯(wei)刘(liu)歆以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天子七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),降(jiang)杀以(yi)(yi)(yi)两之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。七(qi)者(zhe),其(qi)正法,可(ke)常数也(ye)(ye),宗(zong)不在(zai)数内(nei),有功德则(ze)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不可(ke)预(yu)设为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)数也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)班固称(cheng),考论诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)儒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议,刘(liu)歆博(bo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)笃(du)矣。光武(wu)(wu)即位(wei),建(jian)高庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)于(yu)洛阳,乃(nai)立(li)南(nan)顿君以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)四(si)(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),就(jiu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宗(zong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)。至(zhi)魏初(chu),高堂隆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑学(xue),议立(li)亲(qin)(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)四(si)(si)(si)(si),太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)武(wu)(wu)帝,犹在(zai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),乃(nai)虚置太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)二祧,以(yi)(yi)(yi)待后代。至(zhi)景初(chu)间(jian),乃(nai)依王(wang)肃(su),更立(li)五(wu)(wu)世(shi)、六(liu)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),就(jiu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)亲(qin)(qin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。晋武(wu)(wu)受(shou)(shou)禅,博(bo)议宗(zong)祀(si),自(zi)文帝以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)六(liu)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)征西(xi)府君,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宣帝亦序(xu)于(yu)昭(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu),未升太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故祭止六(liu)也(ye)(ye)。江左中兴,贺循知(zhi)礼,至(zhi)于(yu)寝庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪,皆依魏、晋旧事(shi)。宋武(wu)(wu)帝初(chu)受(shou)(shou)晋命为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang),依诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯立(li)亲(qin)(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)。即位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,增祠五(wu)(wu)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)相国掾(yuan)府君、六(liu)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)右(you)北平府君,止于(yu)六(liu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。逮身殁,主升从昭(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu),犹太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)也(ye)(ye)。降(jiang)及(ji)齐、梁(liang),守而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)弗革(ge),加崇迭毁,礼无违旧。
臣(chen)等又案(an)姬周(zhou)(zhou)自太(tai)祖已下,皆别立(li)庙(miao),至于(yu)禘(di)祫(xia),俱合食于(yu)太(tai)祖。是以炎汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)初(chu),诸庙(miao)各(ge)立(li),岁时(shi)尝享(xiang),亦随处而祭,所用(yong)庙(miao)乐,皆象功德而歌儛(wu)焉。至光武乃总立(li)一堂(tang),而群主(zhu)异室,斯则新承寇乱(luan),欲从(cong)约(yue)省。自此(ci)以来,因循(xun)不变。伏惟高祖文皇帝,睿哲玄(xuan)览,神(shen)武应期,受命开基(ji),垂统圣(sheng)嗣,当文明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)运,定祖宗之(zhi)(zhi)礼。且损益不同,沿袭异趣,时(shi)王所制,可(ke)以垂法。自历代以来,杂用(yong)王、郑(zheng)二义(yi),若寻其(qi)指归,校以优劣,康成(cheng)止论周(zhou)(zhou)代,非谓经通,子(zi)雍总贯皇王,事兼(jian)长远(yuan)。今(jin)请依据古典,崇建(jian)七庙(miao)。受命之(zhi)(zhi)祖,宜别立(li)庙(miao)祧,百(bai)代之(zhi)(zhi)后,为不毁之(zhi)(zhi)法。至于(yu)銮驾亲奉,申孝享(xiang)于(yu)高庙(miao),有(you)司行事,竭诚敬于(yu)群主(zhu),俾夫(fu)规模可(ke)则,严祀易(yi)遵(zun),表(biao)有(you)功而彰明(ming)德,大复古而贵(gui)能变。臣(chen)又案(an)周(zhou)(zhou)人立(li)庙(miao),亦无(wu)处置(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)文。据冢人处职(zhi)而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),先王居(ju)中(zhong),以昭穆为左右。阮忱撰《礼图(tu)》,亦从(cong)此(ci)义(yi)。汉(han)京诸庙(miao)既远(yuan),又不序禘(di)祫(xia)。今(jin)若依周(zhou)(zhou)制,理有(you)未安,杂用(yong)汉(han)仪(yi),事难全采。谨详立(li)别图(tu),附之(zhi)(zhi)议末。
其图,太祖、高祖各一殿,准(zhun)周文(wen)武二祧(tiao),与(yu)始祖而三。余(yu)并分(fen)室(shi)而祭。始祖及二祧(tiao)之外,从迭毁之法。诏可,未及创制。既营(ying)建(jian)洛邑,帝无心(xin)京师,乃(nai)于东(dong)都固(gu)本里北,起天(tian)经宫,以游(you)高祖衣冠,四时(shi)致祭。于三年,有司奏,请准(zhun)前议(yi),于东(dong)京建(jian)立(li)宗庙(miao)。帝谓(wei)秘书监柳抃曰:“今(jin)始祖及二祧(tiao)已具,今(jin)后(hou)子孙,处朕何所?” 又下诏,唯议(yi)别立(li)高祖之庙(miao),属有行役,遂复停寝。
自(zi)古(gu)帝(di)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴,皆(jie)禀五精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气。每易姓而(er)(er)(er)(er)起,以(yi)致(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平,必封(feng)(feng)乎太(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan),所以(yi)告(gao)成(cheng)功(gong)也(ye)(ye)。封(feng)(feng)讫而(er)(er)(er)(er)禅乎梁(liang)(liang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)。梁(liang)(liang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)者,太(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)支山(shan)卑下者也(ye)(ye),能以(yi)其(qi)(qi)道配成(cheng)高德。故禅乎梁(liang)(liang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu),亦以(yi)告(gao)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平也(ye)(ye)。封(feng)(feng)禅者,高厚(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)以(yi)高为尊,地(di)(di)以(yi)厚(hou)为德,增太(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高,以(yi)报天(tian)也(ye)(ye),厚(hou)梁(liang)(liang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基,以(yi)报地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)。明天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所命,功(gong)成(cheng)事(shi)(shi)就,有(you)益于(yu)天(tian)地(di)(di),若天(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更高厚(hou)云。《记》曰:“王(wang)者因(yin)(yin)天(tian)事(shi)(shi)天(tian),因(yin)(yin)地(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)。因(yin)(yin)名山(shan)升中于(yu)天(tian),而(er)(er)(er)(er)凤凰降,龟龙格(ge)。”齐桓公既(ji)(ji)霸(ba)而(er)(er)(er)(er)欲(yu)封(feng)(feng)禅,管(guan)仲(zhong)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)详矣。秦(qin)始皇既(ji)(ji)黜(chu)儒生(sheng),而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)(feng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan),禅梁(liang)(liang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu),其(qi)(qi)封(feng)(feng)事(shi)(shi)皆(jie)秘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)可得而(er)(er)(er)(er)传也(ye)(ye)。汉(han)武(wu)帝(di)颇采方士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,造(zao)为玉牒,而(er)(er)(er)(er)编以(yi)金绳,封(feng)(feng)广九尺,高一丈二(er)尺。光武(wu)中兴,聿遵其(qi)(qi)故。晋、宋、齐、梁(liang)(liang)及陈(chen)(chen),皆(jie)未遑其(qi)(qi)议。后齐有(you)巡狩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,并(bing)登封(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪,竟不(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行也(ye)(ye)。开(kai)皇十四年,群臣请封(feng)(feng)禅。高祖不(bu)纳。晋王(wang)广又(you)率百官(guan)抗表固请,帝(di)命有(you)司草仪注(zhu)。于(yu)是牛弘、辛彦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、许(xu)善心(xin)、姚察(cha)、虞(yu)世(shi)基等(deng)创定(ding)其(qi)(qi)礼,奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。帝(di)逡巡其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi),曰:“此事(shi)(shi)体大,朕(zhen)何(he)德以(yi)堪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但当(dang)东狩,因(yin)(yin)拜(bai)岱山(shan)耳。”十五年春,行幸兗州,遂次岱岳。为坛(tan),如南郊,又(you)壝外(wai)为柴(chai)坛(tan),饰神庙,展(zhan)宫县(xian)于(yu)庭(ting)。为埋坎二(er),于(yu)南门外(wai)。又(you)陈(chen)(chen)乐设位于(yu)青(qing)(qing)帝(di)坛(tan),如南郊。帝(di)服衮冕(mian),乘金辂,备法驾而(er)(er)(er)(er)行。礼毕(bi),遂诣青(qing)(qing)帝(di)坛(tan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)祭焉。
开皇(huang)十(shi)四年闰十(shi)月,诏东(dong)(dong)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)沂(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),南(nan)(nan)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)会稽山(shan)(shan)(shan),北镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)医无(wu)闾山(shan)(shan)(shan),冀州(zhou)(zhou)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)霍(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan),并(bing)(bing)就(jiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)立(li)祠(ci);东(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)于(yu)会稽县界,南(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)于(yu)南(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)南(nan)(nan),并(bing)(bing)近(jin)海(hai)(hai)立(li)祠(ci)。及四渎、吴山(shan)(shan)(shan),并(bing)(bing)取侧(ce)近(jin)巫一人,主知洒扫,并(bing)(bing)命多莳松柏。其霍(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan),雩祀日遣(qian)使就(jiu)焉。十(shi)六年正月,又诏北镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)于(yu)营(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)龙(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)立(li)祠(ci)。东(dong)(dong)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)晋州(zhou)(zhou)霍(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),若修造,并(bing)(bing)准西镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)吴山(shan)(shan)(shan)造神庙(miao)。大业中(zhong),昜帝因幸(xing)晋阳(yang),遂祭恆(heng)岳(yue)。其礼颇采高祖拜(bai)岱宗仪,增置二坛,命道(dao)士女官(guan)数十(shi)人,于(yu)遗中(zhong)设醮。十(shi)年,幸(xing)东(dong)(dong)都,过祀华岳(yue),筑场于(yu)庙(miao)侧(ce)。事(shi)乃不经,盖非(fei)有司之定礼也(ye)。
《礼》:天(tian)子以(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)分(fen)朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)(dong)郊(jiao),秋分(fen)夕月(yue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)郊(jiao)。汉法,不俟二分(fen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)郊(jiao),常以(yi)(yi)(yi)郊(jiao)泰畤。旦(dan)出竹宫(gong)东(dong)(dong)向揖日(ri)(ri),其(qi)夕西(xi)(xi)向揖月(yue)。魏文讥其(qi)烦亵(xie),似家(jia)人(ren)之事,而以(yi)(yi)(yi)正月(yue)朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)(dong)门(men)之外(wai)。前史又以(yi)(yi)(yi)为非时。及明(ming)帝太和元年二月(yue)丁亥,朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)(dong)郊(jiao)。八月(yue)己丑,夕月(yue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)郊(jiao)。始合于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)古。后周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)分(fen)朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国(guo)东(dong)(dong)门(men)外(wai),为坛(tan),如其(qi)郊(jiao)。用(yong)特牲(sheng)青(qing)币(bi),青(qing)圭有(you)邸。皇帝乘(cheng)青(qing)辂,及祀官(guan)俱青(qing)冕(mian),执事者青(qing)弁。司徒(tu)亚(ya)献(xian),宗伯终献(xian)。燔燎如圆丘。秋分(fen)夕月(yue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国(guo)西(xi)(xi)门(men)外(wai),为坛(tan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)坎中,方四(si)(si)丈,深(shen)四(si)(si)尺,燔燎礼如朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)。开(kai)皇初,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国(guo)东(dong)(dong)春(chun)(chun)明(ming)门(men)外(wai)为坛(tan),如其(qi)郊(jiao)。每以(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)分(fen)朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)。又于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国(guo)西(xi)(xi)开(kai)远(yuan)门(men)外(wai)为坎,深(shen)三尺,广(guang)(guang)四(si)(si)丈。为坛(tan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)坎中,高一尺,广(guang)(guang)四(si)(si)尺。每以(yi)(yi)(yi)秋分(fen)夕月(yue)。牲(sheng)币(bi)与周(zhou)同。
凡(fan)人(ren)非(fei)土(tu)不生,非(fei)谷不食,土(tu)谷不可偏祭(ji),故(gu)立社稷以主祀(si)。古(gu)先(xian)圣(sheng)王(wang),法施于人(ren)则祀(si)之,故(gu)以勾龙主社,周弃主稷而(er)配焉。岁(sui)凡(fan)再祭(ji),盖春求而(er)秋报,列于中门(men)之外,外门(men)之内,尊(zun)而(er)亲之,与先(xian)祖(zu)同(tong)也。然而(er)古(gu)今既(ji)殊,礼(li)亦异制。故(gu)左社稷而(er)右宗庙者(zhe),得(de)质(zhi)之道也;右社稷而(er)左宗庙者(zhe),文之道也。
梁社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)在太(tai)(tai)(tai)庙西,其(qi)(qi)初盖晋元帝建武(wu)元年所创,有(you)太(tai)(tai)(tai)社(she)(she)、帝社(she)(she)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)稷(ji)(ji),凡三坛。门(men)墙并随(sui)其(qi)(qi)方(fang)色(se)。每以仲春(chun)仲秋,并令(ling)(ling)郡(jun)国县祠(ci)(ci)社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)、先农(nong)(nong),县又(you)兼(jian)祀灵星(xing)、风伯(bo)、雨师之属。及(ji)(ji)腊(la),又(you)各祠(ci)(ci)社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)于坛。百姓则二(er)十五家为(wei)一社(she)(she),其(qi)(qi)旧(jiu)社(she)(she)及(ji)(ji)人稀者(zhe),不限其(qi)(qi)家。春(chun)秋祠(ci)(ci),水旱祷祈(qi),祠(ci)(ci)具随(sui)其(qi)(qi)丰约。其(qi)(qi)郡(jun)国有(you)五岳者(zhe),置宰祝(zhu)三人,及(ji)(ji)有(you)四(si)渎(du)若海应祠(ci)(ci)者(zhe),皆以孟(meng)春(chun)仲冬祠(ci)(ci)之。旧(jiu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)社(she)(she),廪(lin)牺(xi)吏(li)(li)牵牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、司(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)省牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太(tai)(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)吏(li)(li)赞牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。天监(jian)四(si)年,明(ming)山宾(bin)议(yi),以为(wei):“案郊(jiao)庙省牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日,则廪(lin)牺(xi)令(ling)(ling)牵牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太(tai)(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)令(ling)(ling)赞牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。祭之日,则太(tai)(tai)(tai)尉牵牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。《郊(jiao)特牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》云‘社(she)(she)者(zhe)神(shen)地(di)之道’,国主(zhu)社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji),义实为(wei)重(zhong)。今公卿贵臣(chen),亲执(zhi)盛(sheng)礼,而(er)令(ling)(ling)微吏(li)(li)牵牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),颇为(wei)轻(qing)末(mo)。且司(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)省牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),又(you)非(fei)其(qi)(qi)义,太(tai)(tai)(tai)常礼官(guan),实当斯(si)职。《礼》,祭社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)无亲事牵之文。谓宜以太(tai)(tai)(tai)常省牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),廪(lin)牺(xi)令(ling)(ling)牵牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太(tai)(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)令(ling)(ling)赞牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”帝唯以太(tai)(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)赞牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)疑,又(you)以司(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)省牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),于理似伤,牺(xi)吏(li)(li)执(zhi)纼,即事成(cheng)卑。议(yi)以太(tai)(tai)(tai)常丞牵牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),余依明(ming)议(yi)。于是遂定(ding)。至大同初,又(you)加官(guan)社(she)(she)、官(guan)稷(ji)(ji),并前(qian)为(wei)五坛焉。
陈制皆依梁旧(jiu)。而(er)帝(di)(di)社以(yi)(yi)(yi)三牲首,余(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)骨体。荐粢盛(sheng)为六(liu)饭:粳(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)敦,稻以(yi)(yi)(yi)牟(mou),黄(huang)粱以(yi)(yi)(yi)簠,白粱以(yi)(yi)(yi)簋,黍以(yi)(yi)(yi)瑚,粢以(yi)(yi)(yi)琏。又(you)令(ling)太史署,常以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)月八日,于(yu)署庭中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)太牢祠(ci)(ci)老(lao)人星,兼(jian)祠(ci)(ci)天皇大(da)帝(di)(di)、太一、日月、五星、钩陈、北极、北斗、三台、二(er)十(shi)八宿、大(da)人星、子孙星,都四十(shi)六(liu)坐。凡应预祠(ci)(ci)享之(zhi)官,亦(yi)太医给(ji)除秽气散药,先斋一日服之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)自洁。其(qi)仪(yi)本之(zhi)齐制。
后齐立(li)太(tai)社、帝社、太(tai)稷三坛(tan)于国右(you)。每(mei)仲春仲秋月之元(yuan)辰及(ji)腊(la),各以一太(tai)牢祭焉。皇帝亲祭,则司(si)农(nong)卿(qing)省牲进熟,司(si)空亚(ya)献(xian),司(si)农(nong)终(zhong)献(xian)。后周社稷,皇帝亲祀,则冢宰亚(ya)献(xian),宗伯终(zhong)献(xian)。
开皇初,社(she)稷并(bing)(bing)列(lie)于含(han)光门内之(zhi)右,仲(zhong)春仲(zhong)秋吉(ji)戊,各以一太牢祭(ji)焉。牲色(se)用黑。孟(meng)冬下亥,又腊祭(ji)之(zhi)。州郡县二仲(zhong)月,并(bing)(bing)以少牢祭(ji),百(bai)姓亦(yi)各为(wei)社(she)。又于国(guo)城东南(nan)七里延兴门外,为(wei)灵星坛,立秋后(hou)辰,令有司祠以一少牢。
古典有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)子东(dong)耕仪。江左未暇,至宋始有(you)(you)(you)其典。梁(liang)初藉(jie)(jie)(jie)田(tian),依宋、齐,以(yi)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)用事(shi),不(bu)斋(zhai)不(bu)祭(ji)。天(tian)(tian)监十二(er)年,武帝以(yi)为(wei):“启蛰(zhe)而耕,则(ze)在(zai)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)节内。《书》云(yun): ‘以(yi)殷(yin)仲春。’藉(jie)(jie)(jie)田(tian)理在(zai)建(jian)卯。”于(yu)是改用二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。“又(you)(you)《国(guo)语》云(yun):‘王即斋(zhai)宫,与(yu)百官(guan)御事(shi)并斋(zhai)三(san)日。’乃有(you)(you)(you)沐浴裸飨之事(shi)。前代(dai)当以(yi)耕而不(bu)祭(ji),故阙(que)此礼。《国(guo)语》又(you)(you)云(yun):‘稷(ji)临之,太(tai)史(shi)(shi)赞(zan)(zan)之。’则(ze)知耕藉(jie)(jie)(jie)应有(you)(you)(you)先农(nong)神座(zuo),兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)赞(zan)(zan)述耕旨(zhi)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)田(tian)应散斋(zhai)七日,致(zhi)斋(zhai)三(san)日,兼(jian)于(yu)耕所设先农(nong)神座(zuo),陈荐羞之礼。赞(zan)(zan)辞如(ru)社稷(ji)法。” 又(you)(you)曰:“齐代(dai)旧事(shi),藉(jie)(jie)(jie)田(tian)使御史(shi)(shi)乘马(ma)车,载(zai)耒耜于(yu)五辂(lu)后。《礼》云(yun):‘亲(qin)载(zai)耒耜,措于(yu)参保介之御间。’则(ze)置所乘辂(lu)上。若以(yi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)辂(lu)与(yu)古不(bu)同,则(ze)宜升之次辂(lu),以(yi)明慎重。而远(yuan)在(zai)余(yu)处(chu),于(yu)义为(wei)乖。且御史(shi)(shi)掌视,尤(you)为(wei)轻(qing)贱。自今(jin)(jin)(jin)宜以(yi)侍中(zhong)奉耒耜,载(zai)于(yu)象(xiang)辂(lu),以(yi)随木辂(lu)之后。”普通二(er)年,又(you)(you)移(yi)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)田(tian)于(yu)建(jian)康北岸,筑兆域大小(xiao),列种梨柏,便殿及(ji)斋(zhai)官(guan)省,如(ru)南北郊(jiao)。别有(you)(you)(you)望耕台,在(zai)坛东(dong)。帝亲(qin)耕毕,登此台,以(yi)观(guan)公(gong)卿之推伐。又(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)祈年殿云(yun)。
北(bei)齐藉于(yu)(yu)帝城东(dong)南(nan)千(qian)亩内(nei),种赤粱、白谷、大豆、赤黍、小豆、黑(hei)(hei)穄、麻(ma)子、小麦,色别一(yi)(yi)顷。自余一(yi)(yi)顷,地(di)中通阡(qian)陌(mo)(mo)(mo),作祠(ci)(ci)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)于(yu)(yu)陌(mo)(mo)(mo)南(nan)阡(qian)西(xi),广轮三(san)(san)十六尺(chi),高九尺(chi),四陛(bi)三(san)(san)壝四门。又(you)(you)为大营(ying)于(yu)(yu)外,又(you)(you)设御耕(geng)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)于(yu)(yu)阡(qian)东(dong)陌(mo)(mo)(mo)北(bei)。每岁正月(yue)上辛后(hou)吉(ji)亥,使公卿以一(yi)(yi)太牢祠(ci)(ci)先农(nong)(nong)(nong)神农(nong)(nong)(nong)氏于(yu)(yu)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)上,无配(pei)飨。祭(ji)讫(qi),亲耕(geng)。先祠(ci)(ci),司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)进(jin)(jin)(jin)穜悬(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)种,六宫(gong)主之(zhi)(zhi)。行事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)并(bing)斋,设斋省。于(yu)(yu)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)所(suo)列(lie)宫(gong)悬(xuan)。又(you)(you)置先农(nong)(nong)(nong)坐于(yu)(yu)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)上。众(zhong)官(guan)朝(chao)服(fu),司(si)空一(yi)(yi)献(xian),不燎。祠(ci)(ci)讫(qi),皇帝乃服(fu)通天冠、青纱袍、黑(hei)(hei)介帻(ze),佩苍玉,黄绶,青带、袜(wa)、舄,备法驾,乘木(mu)辂。耕(geng)官(guan)具朝(chao)服(fu)从。殿中监进(jin)(jin)(jin)御耒(lei)(lei)于(yu)(yu)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)南(nan),百官(guan)定列(lie)。帝出便殿,升(sheng)耕(geng),坛(tan)(tan)(tan)南(nan)陛(bi),即御座。应耕(geng)者(zhe)各(ge)进(jin)(jin)(jin)于(yu)(yu)列(lie)。帝降(jiang)自南(nan)陛(bi),至耕(geng)位,释剑执耒(lei)(lei),三(san)(san)推(tui)三(san)(san)反(fan),升(sheng)坛(tan)(tan)(tan)即坐。耕(geng)官(guan)一(yi)(yi)品五推(tui)五反(fan),二品七推(tui)七反(fan),三(san)(san)品九推(tui)九反(fan)。藉田令(ling)帅其属以牛耕(geng),终千(qian)亩。以青箱奉(feng)穜“L种,跪呈司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong),诣耕(geng)所(suo)洒之(zhi)(zhi)。櫌讫(qi),司(si)农(nong)(nong)(nong)省功,奏事(shi)毕(bi)(bi)。皇帝降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)便殿,更衣(yi)飨宴。礼毕(bi)(bi),班(ban)赉而还(hai)。
隋制,于国(guo)南十四里启夏(xia)门外,置地千亩,为坛,孟春吉亥,祭先(xian)农于其(qi)上,以(yi)后稷配。牲(sheng)用一太牢。皇(huang)(huang)帝服衮冕,备法(fa)驾,乘金根车。礼三(san)献讫(qi),因(yin)耕(geng)。司农授耒,皇(huang)(huang)帝三(san)推(tui)讫(qi),执(zhi)事者以(yi)授应(ying)耕(geng)者,各(ge)以(yi)班五推(tui)九推(tui)。而司徒(tu)帅其(qi)属终千亩。播殖九谷,纳于神(shen)仓(cang),以(yi)拟粢盛。穰稿以(yi)饷牺牲(sheng)云。
《周(zhou)礼(li)》王后(hou)蚕(can)于(yu)北(bei)(bei)郊,而汉(han)法皇后(hou)蚕(can)于(yu)东郊。魏遵《周(zhou)礼(li)》,蚕(can)于(yu)北(bei)(bei)郊。吴韦昭(zhao)制《西(xi)(xi)蚕(can)颂(song)》,则孙氏(shi)亦有其礼(li)矣(yi)。晋太康六(liu)年,武帝杨皇后(hou)蚕(can)于(yu)西(xi)(xi)郊,依汉(han)故事(shi)。江左至宋孝武大明四年,始(shi)于(yu)台城西(xi)(xi)白石里(li)为西(xi)(xi)蚕(can),设兆域。置大殿七间,又立蚕(can)观。自是有其礼(li)。
后(hou)(hou)(hou)齐为蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)坊于京(jing)城(cheng)北之西,去(qu)皇(huang)(huang)宫十八里之外,方(fang)(fang)千步。蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)宫,方(fang)(fang)九(jiu)十步,墙高一(yi)丈五(wu)(wu)尺(chi),被以棘。其中起蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)室(shi)二十七(qi)口,别(bie)殿一(yi)区。置蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)宫,令丞(cheng)佐史,皆(jie)宦者(zhe)为之。路西置皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)坛(tan),高四尺(chi),方(fang)(fang)二丈,四出(chu),阶(jie)广八尺(chi)。置先蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)坛(tan)于桑坛(tan)东(dong)南,大(da)路东(dong),横路之南。坛(tan)高五(wu)(wu)尺(chi),方(fang)(fang)二丈,四出(chu),阶(jie)广五(wu)(wu)尺(chi)。外兆(zhao)方(fang)(fang)四十步,面(mian)开一(yi)门。有绿衤詹襦、褠衣、黄履,以供蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)母。每岁季春,谷雨后(hou)(hou)(hou)吉日,使公卿以一(yi)太(tai)牢祀(si)先蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)黄帝轩辕氏于坛(tan)上,无配(pei),如祀(si)先农。礼讫,皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)因亲桑于桑坛(tan)。备法驾,服(fu)(fu)鞠衣,乘重翟(zhai),帅六宫升桑坛(tan)东(dong)陛,即(ji)御座(zuo)。女尚书执(zhi)筐(kuang),女主衣执(zhi)钩(gou),立(li)坛(tan)下(xia)。皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)降(jiang)自(zi)东(dong)陛,执(zhi)筐(kuang)者(zhe)处右,执(zhi)钩(gou)者(zhe)居(ju)左,蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)母在后(hou)(hou)(hou)。乃(nai)躬桑三(san)条(tiao)(tiao)讫,升坛(tan),即(ji)御座(zuo)。内命妇(fu)以次(ci)就(jiu)桑,鞠衣五(wu)(wu)条(tiao)(tiao),展衣七(qi)条(tiao)(tiao),褖衣九(jiu)条(tiao)(tiao),以授(shou)蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)母。还(hai)蚕(can)(can)(can)(can)室(shi),切之授(shou)世妇(fu),洒一(yi)簿。预桑者(zhe)并复本位。后(hou)(hou)(hou)乃(nai)降(jiang)坛(tan),还(hai)便殿,改服(fu)(fu),设劳酒,班赉而还(hai)。
后周制,皇后乘翠(cui)辂,率(lv)三(san)妃(fei)、三(san)弋、御媛、御婉(wan)、三(san)公(gong)(gong)夫人、三(san)孤(gu)内子至蚕(can)所,以一太牢(lao)亲祭,进奠先蚕(can)西(xi)陵氏神(shen)。礼毕,降坛,昭化(hua)嫔(pin)亚献,淑(shu)嫔(pin)终(zhong)献,因以公(gong)(gong)桑焉(yan)。
隋(sui)制,于宫北(bei)三里(li)为坛(tan),高四(si)尺。季春上巳(si),皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)服鞠(ju)衣(yi),乘重翟,率三夫人、九嫔、内外命(ming)妇(fu),以一(yi)太牢(lao),制币,祭先蚕于坛(tan)上,用一(yi)献礼。祭讫,就桑位于坛(tan)南,东面。尚功进金钩(gou),典制奉筐。皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)三条(tiao)(tiao),反钩(gou)。命(ming)妇(fu)各依(yi)班采(cai),五条(tiao)(tiao)九条(tiao)(tiao)而(er)止。世(shi)妇(fu)亦(yi)有蚕母(mu)受切桑,洒讫,还依(yi)位。皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)乃还宫。自后(hou)(hou)(hou)齐、后(hou)(hou)(hou)周及隋(sui),其典大抵(di)多依(yi)晋仪。然亦(yi)时有损益(yi)矣(yi)。
《礼》:仲春以(yi)玄鸟至之日,用太牢祀于高禖(mei)。汉武帝(di)年(nian)二十九,乃(nai)得太子(zi),甚喜,为(wei)立禖(mei)祠于城南,祀以(yi)特牲,因有其(qi)祀。晋惠帝(di)元康六年(nian),禖(mei)坛石(shi)中破(po)为(wei)二。诏问石(shi)毁(hui)今应复不(bu),博(bo)士议(yi):“《礼》无高禖(mei)置(zhi)石(shi)之文,未知(zhi)造设所由(you);既(ji)已毁(hui)破(po),可(ke)无改(gai)造。”更下西府博(bo)议(yi)。而(er)贼曹属束皙议(yi):“以(yi)石(shi)在(zai)坛上,盖主道(dao)也(ye)。祭器弊(bi)则埋(mai)而(er)置(zhi)新,今宜(yi)埋(mai)而(er)更造,不(bu)宜(yi)遂(sui)废。”时此议(yi)不(bu)用。后得高堂(tang)隆故事,魏青龙(long)中,造立此石(shi),诏更镌石(shi),令如旧(jiu),置(zhi)高禖(mei)坛上。埋(mai)破(po)石(shi)入地一丈。案梁太庙北门内道(dao)西有石(shi),文如竹叶,小(xiao)屋覆之,宋(song)元嘉中修庙所得。陆澄(cheng)以(yi)为(wei)孝武时郊禖(mei)之石(shi)。然则江左(zuo)亦有此礼矣。
后齐高(gao)禖(mei),为坛(tan)(tan)于南(nan)郊傍(bang),广轮二十六尺,高(gao)九尺,四陛(bi)三壝。每岁春分玄鸟至之日,皇帝(di)(di)亲(qin)帅六宫,祀青帝(di)(di)于坛(tan)(tan),以太昊配,而(er)(er)祀高(gao)禖(mei)之神(shen)(shen)以祈子(zi)。其仪,青帝(di)(di)北方南(nan)向(xiang)(xiang),配帝(di)(di)东方西向(xiang)(xiang),禖(mei)神(shen)(shen)坛(tan)(tan)下东陛(bi)之南(nan),西向(xiang)(xiang)。礼用青珪束帛,牲(sheng)共以一太牢。祀日,皇帝(di)(di)服(fu)衮冕,乘玉辂。皇后服(fu)袆衣,乘重翟。皇帝(di)(di)初献(xian),降(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)东陛(bi),皇后亚献(xian),降(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)西陛(bi),并(bing)诣(yi)便坐。夫(fu)人终献(xian),上嫔献(xian)于禖(mei)神(shen)(shen)讫。帝(di)(di)及后并(bing)诣(yi)欑(zan)位,乃送神(shen)(shen)。皇帝(di)(di)皇后及群官皆拜。乃撤就燎,礼毕而(er)(er)还。隋制亦以玄鸟至之日,祀高(gao)禖(mei)于南(nan)郊坛(tan)(tan)。牲(sheng)用太牢一。
旧礼祀司(si)中、司(si)命、风师(shi)、雨师(shi)之(zhi)法,皆(jie)随(sui)其类而祭之(zhi)。兆(zhao)风师(shi)于(yu)西方者,就秋风之(zhi)劲,而不从箕星之(zhi)位。兆(zhao)司(si)中、司(si)命于(yu)南郊(jiao),以天神是阳,故兆(zhao)于(yu)南郊(jiao)也。兆(zhao)雨师(shi)于(yu)北(bei)郊(jiao)者,就水位,在北(bei)也。
隋(sui)制(zhi),于国(guo)城(cheng)西北(bei)十里亥地,为司中(zhong)、司命、司禄三(san)坛(tan)(tan),同壝。祀(si)(si)以立(li)冬后亥。国(guo)城(cheng)东北(bei)七(qi)里通化门外为风师坛(tan)(tan),祀(si)(si)以立(li)春后丑。国(guo)城(cheng)西南八里金光门外为雨师坛(tan)(tan),祀(si)(si)以立(li)夏后申。坛(tan)(tan)皆三(san)尺,牲以一少(shao)牢(lao)。
昔(xi)伊耆(qi)(qi)氏(shi)(shi)始为(wei)(wei)蜡。蜡者(zhe),索也(ye)。古之(zhi)(zhi)君子,使人必(bi)报之(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)周法,以岁十二(er)月,合(he)(he)聚(ju)万物(wu)而(er)索飨之(zhi)(zhi)。仁之(zhi)(zhi)至,义之(zhi)(zhi)尽也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)法,四方各自祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。若不(bu)成之(zhi)(zhi)方,则(ze)阙而(er)不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。后(hou)周亦存其(qi)(qi)典,常以十一月,祭(ji)(ji)(ji)神(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)、伊耆(qi)(qi)氏(shi)(shi)、后(hou)稷氏(shi)(shi)、田畯、鳞、羽、臝、毛、介、水、墉、坊、邮(you)、表、畷、兽(shou)、猫之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)于五郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。五方上(shang)帝(di)、地祇(zhi)、五星、列宿(su)、苍龙、硃雀、白兽(shou)、玄武(wu)、五人帝(di)、五官之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)、岳镇海(hai)渎、山(shan)林(lin)川(chuan)泽(ze)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)坟衍原(yuan)隰(xi),各分其(qi)(qi)方,合(he)(he)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。日(ri)(ri)月,五方皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。上(shang)帝(di)、地祇(zhi)、神(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)、伊耆(qi)(qi)、人帝(di)于坛(tan)上(shang),南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)以神(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong),既蜡,无其(qi)(qi)祀。三(san)(san)辰(chen)七宿(su)则(ze)为(wei)(wei)小坛(tan)于其(qi)(qi)侧,岳镇海(hai)渎、山(shan)林(lin)川(chuan)泽(ze)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)坟衍原(yuan)隰(xi),则(ze)各为(wei)(wei)坎,余则(ze)于平(ping)地。皇帝(di)初献(xian)上(shang)帝(di)、地祗(zhi)、神(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)、伊耆(qi)(qi)及人帝(di),冢(zhong)宰亚(ya)献(xian),宗(zong)伯终献(xian)。上(shang)大(da)夫献(xian)三(san)(san)辰(chen)、五官、后(hou)稷、田畯、岳镇海(hai)渎,中大(da)夫献(xian)七宿(su)、山(shan)林(lin)川(chuan)泽(ze)已下。自天帝(di)、人帝(di)、田畯、羽毛之(zhi)(zhi)类,牲币玉帛皆(jie)从(cong)燎;地祇(zhi)、邮(you)、表、畷之(zhi)(zhi)类,皆(jie)从(cong)埋。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)毕,皇帝(di)如(ru)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)便(bian)殿致斋(zhai),明(ming)日(ri)(ri)乃蜡祭(ji)(ji)(ji)于南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),如(ru)东郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)仪。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)讫(qi),又如(ru)黄郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)便(bian)殿致斋(zhai),明(ming)日(ri)(ri)乃祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)讫(qi),又如(ru)西(xi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)便(bian)殿,明(ming)日(ri)(ri)乃祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)讫(qi),又如(ru)北郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)便(bian)殿,明(ming)日(ri)(ri)蜡祭(ji)(ji)(ji)讫(qi),还宫。隋(sui)初因周制,定令亦以孟冬下亥蜡百神(shen)(shen),腊宗(zong)庙,祭(ji)(ji)(ji)社(she)稷。其(qi)(qi)方不(bu)熟,则(ze)阙其(qi)(qi)方之(zhi)(zhi)蜡焉。
又以(yi)仲(zhong)冬(dong)祭(ji)名源川(chuan)泽(ze)于北郊,用(yong)一(yi)太牢(lao)。祭(ji)井于社宫,用(yong)一(yi)少牢(lao)。季冬(dong)藏(zang)冰,仲(zhong)春开冰,并用(yong)黑(hei)牡秬(ju)黍(shu),于冰室祭(ji)司寒神。开冰,加以(yi)桃弧棘(ji)矢。
开皇四(si)年十一月(yue),诏曰:“古称(cheng)腊者,接也。取新故交接。前周(zhou)岁首,今之(zhi)(zhi)仲冬,建冬之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),称(cheng)蜡可也。后周(zhou)用(yong)夏后之(zhi)(zhi)时,行(xing)姬氏之(zhi)(zhi)蜡。考(kao)诸先代,于义有违。其十月(yue)行(xing)蜡者停,可以十二月(yue)为腊。”于是(shi)始革前制(zhi)。
后齐,正月晦日,中书舍人奏祓除。年暮上台,东宫奏择吉日诣殿堂,贵臣与师行事所须,皆移尚书省备设云。后主末年,祭非其鬼,至于躬自鼓儛,以事胡天。鄴中遂多淫祀,兹风至今不绝。后周欲招来西域,又有拜胡天制,皇帝亲焉。其仪并从夷俗,淫僻不可纪也。
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