列传第二(er)十四 萧济(ji) 陆琼 子从典 顾野(ye)王 傅縡 章(zhang)华
萧济,字孝康,东(dong)海(hai)兰陵人也。少好(hao)学,博通(tong)经(jing)史,谘梁武帝《左氏》疑义三十馀(yu)条,尚书仆(pu)射范阳(yang)(yang)张(zhang)缵、太常卿南阳(yang)(yang)刘(liu)之遴(lin)并与济讨(tao)论,缵等莫能抗对。解(jie)褐梁秘书郎,迁太子舍人。预平侯(hou)景之功,封松阳(yang)(yang)县侯(hou),邑五(wu)百户。
及高(gao)祖(zu)作镇(zhen)徐(xu)方,以济(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)明威将军、征(zheng)北长(zhang)(zhang)史。承圣二年,征(zheng)为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)书侍(shi)郎,转通直散骑常侍(shi)。世(shi)祖(zu)为(wei)(wei)会稽太守(shou),又以济(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)宣毅府长(zhang)(zhang)史,迁(qian)司徒左(zuo)长(zhang)(zhang)史。世(shi)祖(zu)即(ji)位,授(shou)侍(shi)中(zhong)。寻迁(qian)太府卿(qing),丁所(suo)生母忧(you),不(bu)拜(bai)。济(ji)(ji)毘(pi)佐(zuo)二主,恩遇甚笃,赏(shang)赐加(jia)于凡等。历守(shou)兰陵、阳(yang)羡、临(lin)津、临(lin)安等郡,所(suo)在皆(jie)著声绩。太建(jian)初,入(ru)为(wei)(wei)五兵(bing)尚书,与(yu)左(zuo)仆(pu)射徐(xu)陵、特进周弘正、度(du)支尚书王(wang)瑒、散骑常侍(shi)袁宪(xian)俱侍(shi)东宫(gong)。复为(wei)(wei)司徒长(zhang)(zhang)史。寻授(shou)度(du)支尚书,领(ling)羽林监。迁(qian)国子(zi)祭酒,领(ling)羽林如故。加(jia)金(jin)紫(zi)光禄大(da)夫,兼(jian)安德宫(gong)卫(wei)尉。寻迁(qian)仁(ren)威将军、扬州(zhou)长(zhang)(zhang)史。高(gao)宗尝敕取(qu)扬州(zhou)曹事(shi),躬自省览,见(jian)济(ji)(ji)条理(li)详悉,文无滞害,乃(nai)顾谓左(zuo)右曰:“我本(ben)期萧长(zhang)(zhang)史长(zhang)(zhang)于经传,不(bu)言精练(lian)繁(fan)剧,乃(nai)至于此。” 迁(qian)祠(ci)部(bu)尚书,加(jia)给(ji)事(shi)中(zhong),复为(wei)(wei)金(jin)紫(zi)光禄大(da)夫。未拜(bai)而卒,时年六十六。诏(zhao)赠本(ben)官,官给(ji)丧事(shi)。
陆琼(qiong)(qiong),字伯玉,吴(wu)郡吴(wu)人(ren)也(ye)。祖完,梁琅邪、彭城二郡丞。父(fu)云公(gong),梁给(ji)事黄门侍郎,掌著作。琼(qiong)(qiong)幼聪惠有思理,六岁(sui)为五言诗,颇有词(ci)采(cai)。大同末,云公(gong)受梁武帝诏校定《棋品》,到溉、硃异(yi)以下并集。琼(qiong)(qiong)时年(nian)八岁(sui),于(yu)客前(qian)覆局,由是京师号(hao)曰神童。异(yi)言之武帝,有敕(chi)召见(jian),琼(qiong)(qiong)风神警(jing)亮,进退详审,帝甚异(yi)之。十一(yi),丁父(fu)忧(you),毁瘠有至性(xing),从祖襄(xiang)叹曰:“此儿必荷(he)门基(ji),所(suo)谓一(yi)不为少。”及(ji)侯(hou)景作逆,携母避(bi)地(di)于(yu)县(xian)之西乡,勤苦读书,昼夜无怠,遂博(bo)学,善属文。
永定(ding)中,州举秀才。天嘉元年,为(wei)(wei)宁远始兴王府法曹行参军。寻以本官(guan)兼(jian)尚书(shu)外(wai)兵郎,以文学(xue)(xue)转兼(jian)殿中郎,满岁(sui)为(wei)(wei)真。琼素(su)有令名,深为(wei)(wei)世(shi)祖所赏。及(ji)讨周迪、陈(chen)宝(bao)应(ying)等,都官(guan)符及(ji)诸(zhu)大手(shou)笔,并中敕付(fu)琼。迁新(xin)安王文学(xue)(xue),掌东宫管记(ji)。及(ji)高宗为(wei)(wei)司徒,妙(miao)简僚佐,吏部尚书(shu)徐陵荐琼于(yu)高宗曰:“新(xin)安王文学(xue)(xue)陆琼,见识优敏,文史(shi)足用,进居郎署,岁(sui)月(yue)过淹(yan),左西掾缺,允膺兹(zi)选,阶(jie)次小逾,其屈(qu)滞已积。” 乃除司徒左西掾。寻兼(jian)通(tong)直(zhi)散骑常(chang)侍,聘齐。
太(tai)建(jian)元年(nian),重(zhong)以(yi)本官(guan)掌东宫(gong)管记(ji)。除(chu)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi),兼通事(shi)舍人。转(zhuan)中书侍郎、太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)家令。长(zhang)沙王(wang)为江州刺史(shi),不(bu)循法(fa)度,高宗(zong)以(yi)王(wang)年(nian)少,授(shou)琼(qiong)长(zhang)史(shi),行(xing)江州府国事(shi),带(dai)寻阳太(tai)守(shou)。琼(qiong)以(yi)母老,不(bu)欲远出,太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)亦固请留之,遂不(bu)行(xing)。累迁(qian)给事(shi)黄门(men)侍郎,领羽林监。转(zhuan)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中庶子(zi)(zi)(zi),领步兵校(xiao)尉。又领大著(zhu)作,撰国史(shi)。
后(hou)主(zhu)即位。直(zhi)中书省,掌诏诰。俄授散骑(qi)常侍,兼度支(zhi)(zhi)尚(shang)书,领扬州大中正。至(zhi)德(de)元(yuan)年(nian),除度支(zhi)(zhi)尚(shang)书,参掌诏诰,并(bing)判廷尉、建康二狱事。初,琼父云公奉梁武帝敕撰《嘉瑞记》,琼述其旨(zhi)而续(xu)焉,自永定讫于(yu)至(zhi)德(de),勒成(cheng)一(yi)家(jia)之言。迁吏(li)部尚(shang)书,著作如故。琼详练谱谍(die),雅鉴人伦,先(xian)是,吏(li)部尚(shang)书宗元(yuan)饶卒(zu),右仆射袁宪举琼,高宗未之用也,至(zhi)是居之,号为称职,后(hou)主(zhu)甚委任焉。
琼(qiong)性谦俭,不自(zi)封植(zhi),虽位望日隆,而执志愈下。园(yuan)池(chi)室宇,无(wu)(wu)所改作,车马衣服(fu),不尚鲜华,四(si)时禄(lu)俸,皆散之宗族,家无(wu)(wu)馀财。暮(mu)年深(shen)怀止足,思避(bi)权要,恒谢病不视事(shi)。俄丁母忧,去(qu)职。初(chu),琼(qiong)之侍东(dong)宫(gong)也(ye),母随在官舍,后(hou)主(zhu)赏赐(ci)优厚。及(ji)丧(sang)(sang)柩还乡,诏加(jia)赙赠,并(bing)遣谒者黄(huang)长(zhang)贵(gui)持册(ce)奠祭,后(hou)主(zhu)又自(zi)制志铭,朝野(ye)荣之。琼(qiong)哀(ai)慕(mu)过毁,以至德四(si)年卒,时年五十,诏赠领军将军,官给丧(sang)(sang)事(shi)。有(you)集二十卷行于世。长(zhang)子从宜,仕至武昌王文学。
第三子从(cong)典,字(zi)由仪。幼而聪(cong)敏。八岁(sui),读沈约集,见回(hui)文研(yan)铭,从(cong)典援(yuan)笔拟之,便有佳(jia)致。年十(shi)三,作《柳(liu)赋》,其(qi)(qi)词(ci)其(qi)(qi)美。琼(qiong)时(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)东(dong)宫管记,宫僚并一时(shi)(shi)俊伟,琼(qiong)示以此赋,咸(xian)奇(qi)其(qi)(qi)异才。从(cong)父瑜特所赏(shang)爱,及瑜将(jiang)终,家中坟籍皆付从(cong)典,从(cong)典乃集瑜文为(wei)(wei)十(shi)卷(juan),仍(reng)制集序,其(qi)(qi)文甚工。
从典(dian)笃好学业,博涉(she)群书,于(yu)《班史》尤(you)所属(shu)意(yi)。年(nian)十五(wu)(wu),本州(zhou)举(ju)秀才。解褐著作佐郎(lang),转太子(zi)舍人。时后主赐仆射江(jiang)总并其父琼(qiong)诗,总命从典(dian)为谢启(qi),俄(e)顷便就,文(wen)华理(li)畅,总甚异焉。寻授(shou)信义王文(wen)学,转太子(zi)洗马(ma)。又(you)(you)迁司徒左西掾,兼(jian)(jian)东宫(gong)学士。丁父忧去职。寻起为德教学士,固辞不(bu)就,后主敕留一员,以待从典(dian)。俄(e)属(shu)金陵(ling)沦没,随例(li)迁关右(you)。仕隋(sui)为给事郎(lang),兼(jian)(jian)东宫(gong)学士。又(you)(you)除(chu)著作佐郎(lang)。右(you)仆射杨素奏从典(dian)续司马(ma)迁《史记》迄于(yu)隋(sui),其书未就。值隋(sui)末丧(sang)乱,寓居(ju)南阳郡(jun),以疾卒,时年(nian)五(wu)(wu)十七。
顾野(ye)(ye)王(wang)(wang),字希(xi)冯,吴郡吴人(ren)也。祖(zu)子乔,梁东(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)郎武(wu)陵王(wang)(wang)府参(can)军(jun)事。父亘,信威临(lin)贺王(wang)(wang)记(ji)室,兼本(ben)郡五官掾,以儒术知名。野(ye)(ye)王(wang)(wang)幼好(hao)学。七岁(sui),读《五经》,略知大(da)旨。九(jiu)岁(sui)能属文,尝制(zhi)《日赋》,领军(jun)硃异见而奇之。年十二(er),随父之建安,撰《建安地记(ji)》二(er)篇。长而遍观经史,精记(ji)嘿(hei)识,天(tian)文地理、蓍龟占候(hou)、虫(chong)篆奇字,无(wu)所不通。梁大(da)同四年,除太学博士。迁中(zhong)(zhong)领军(jun)临(lin)贺王(wang)(wang)府记(ji)室参(can)军(jun)。宣城王(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)扬州(zhou)刺(ci)史,野(ye)(ye)王(wang)(wang)及(ji)琅邪王(wang)(wang)褒并为(wei)(wei)宾客,王(wang)(wang)甚爱其才。野(ye)(ye)王(wang)(wang)又(you)好(hao)丹青,善图(tu)写(xie),王(wang)(wang)于东(dong)府起斋(zhai),乃令野(ye)(ye)王(wang)(wang)画古贤,命王(wang)(wang)褒书(shu)赞,时人(ren)称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)二(er)绝(jue)。
及(ji)侯景之(zhi)乱(luan),野(ye)王(wang)(wang)丁(ding)父忧(you),归本郡,乃召募乡(xiang)党数百人(ren),随义(yi)军援京(jing)邑(yi)。野(ye)王(wang)(wang)体素清(qing)羸,裁长六尺,又居丧过毁,殆不胜(sheng)衣,及(ji)杖戈被(bei)甲(jia),陈君臣之(zhi)义(yi),逆(ni)顺(shun)之(zhi)理(li),抗辞(ci)作(zuo)色,见者莫不壮(zhuang)之(zhi)。京(jing)城(cheng)陷,野(ye)王(wang)(wang)逃会稽,寻往(wang)东阳,与刘归义(yi)合(he)军据城(cheng)拒贼。侯景平,太尉王(wang)(wang)僧辩深嘉(jia)之(zhi),使监海盐县。
高祖作宰,为金(jin)威将军(jun)(jun)、安东临川(chuan)王府(fu)记(ji)室(shi)参军(jun)(jun),寻转府(fu)谘(zi)议参军(jun)(jun)。天(tian)嘉元(yuan)年,敕补撰史(shi)学士,寻加招远将军(jun)(jun)。光大元(yuan)年,除(chu)镇东鄱阳(yang)王谘(zi)议参军(jun)(jun)。太(tai)建二年,迁国子博士。后主(zhu)在东宫(gong),野王兼东宫(gong)管记(ji),本官如故(gu)。六(liu)年,除(chu)太(tai)子率更(geng)令,寻领大著作,掌国史(shi),知梁(liang)史(shi)事(shi),兼东宫(gong)通事(shi)舍(she)人(ren)。时(shi)宫(gong)僚有济阳(yang)江总,吴国陆琼,北地傅縡,吴兴(xing)姚察,并以(yi)才(cai)学显(xian)著,论者推(tui)重焉。迁黄门侍郎,光禄卿,知五(wu)礼事(shi),馀官并如故(gu)。十三年卒,时(shi)年六(liu)十三。诏赠秘书监。至德二年,又赠右(you)卫将军(jun)(jun)。
野(ye)(ye)王(wang)(wang)少以笃学至性知名,在(zai)物无(wu)过辞失色,观其容貌,似不能言,及其励精力行(xing),皆(jie)人所莫(mo)及。第三弟充国早卒,野(ye)(ye)王(wang)(wang)抚(fu)养孤幼(you),恩(en)义甚厚。其所撰(zhuan)著《玉篇》三十卷(juan),《舆(yu)地志》三十卷(juan),《符瑞图》十卷(juan),《顾氏(shi)谱传》十卷(juan),《分(fen)野(ye)(ye)枢要(yao)》一(yi)卷(juan),《续洞冥纪》一(yi)卷(juan),《玄(xuan)象表》一(yi)卷(juan),并行(xing)于世(shi)。又撰(zhuan)《通史要(yao)略》一(yi)百卷(juan),《国史纪传》二百卷(juan),未(wei)就而卒。有文集二十卷(juan)。
傅縡(zai),字宜(yi)事,北地(di)灵(ling)州人也。父彝,梁(liang)临沂(yi)令。縡(zai)幼聪敏,七(qi)岁诵古(gu)诗赋至十馀万言。长好学(xue),能属(shu)文(wen)。梁(liang)太清(qing)末(mo),携(xie)母(mu)南(nan)奔避难,俄丁母(mu)忧,在(zai)兵乱之(zhi)中,居丧尽礼,哀毁(hui)骨立,士友以此称(cheng)之(zhi)。后依湘州刺(ci)史(shi)萧(xiao)循,循颇好士,广(guang)集坟籍,縡(zai)肆志寻阅,因博通群书。王琳闻其(qi)名(ming),引为府(fu)记室。琳败,随琳将孙瑒还都。时世祖(zu)使颜(yan)晃赐瑒杂物,瑒托縡(zai)启谢,词理优洽,文(wen)无加(jia)点,晃还言之(zhi)世祖(zu),寻召(zhao)为撰史(shi)学(xue)士。除司空府(fu)记室参军,迁骠骑安成(cheng)王中记室,撰史(shi)如故。
縡笃信佛教,从兴皇惠朗法(fa)师受《三论(lun)》,尽通(tong)其学(xue)。时有大心暠法(fa)师著《无诤论(lun)》以诋之,縡乃(nai)为《明道论(lun)》,用释(shi)其难。其略曰:
《无(wu)(wu)诤论(lun)》言:比有(you)弘《三(san)论(lun)》者(zhe),雷同(tong)诃诋,恣(zi)言罪状,历毁(hui)(hui)(hui)诸师(shi)(shi)(shi),非斥(chi)众学(xue)(xue),论(lun)中(zhong)道(dao)而(er)(er)执偏(pian)(pian)心(xin)(xin)(xin),语(yu)忘怀(huai)而(er)(er)竞(jing)独(du)胜,方学(xue)(xue)数论(lun),更为(wei)仇敌,仇敌既构,诤斗(dou)(dou)大(da)生,以此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin),而(er)(er)成罪业(ye),罪业(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)止,岂(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)增生死,大(da)苦聚(ju)集(ji)?答(da)曰:《三(san)论(lun)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴,为(wei)日久矣(yi)。龙树创其(qi)(qi)(qi)源,除内(nei)学(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)见,提婆扬(yang)(yang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)旨(zhi),荡外(wai)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪执。欲使大(da)化流而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)拥(yong),玄(xuan)风(feng)阐而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)坠。其(qi)(qi)(qi)言旷,其(qi)(qi)(qi)意远,其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)博,其(qi)(qi)(qi)流深(shen)。斯固龙象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腾(teng)骧,鲲(kun)鹏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抟运。蹇(jian)乘决羽,岂(qi)(qi)(qi)能觖(jue)望其(qi)(qi)(qi)间(jian)哉(zai)?顷代浇薄,时无(wu)(wu)旷士,苟习(xi)小学(xue)(xue),以化蒙心(xin)(xin)(xin),渐染成俗,遂(sui)迷正(zheng)路,唯竞(jing)穿凿(zao),各肆营(ying)造(zao),枝叶徒繁(fan),本(ben)源日翳,一师(shi)(shi)(shi)解(jie)释,复异一师(shi)(shi)(shi),更改(gai)旧宗(zong),各立新(xin)意,同(tong)学(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),取寤(wu)复别,如(ru)是(shi)展(zhan)转,添糅(rou)倍多。总而(er)(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),心(xin)(xin)(xin)无(wu)(wu)的准;择而(er)(er)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何者(zhe)为(wei)正(zheng)?岂(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)浑沌(dun)伤窍(qiao),嘉树弊牙?虽复人说非马,家(jia)握灵蛇,以无(wu)(wu)当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卮,同(tong)画(hua)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饼矣(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)于失(shi)道(dao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)宜乎?摄山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue),则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)是(shi)。守(shou)一遵(zun)本(ben),无(wu)(wu)改(gai)作之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过;约文申意,杜臆断之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。言无(wu)(wu)预说,理非宿构。睹(du)缘尔乃应(ying),见敌然后动。纵横络驿,忽恍杳冥。或(huo)(huo)弥纶而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)穷。或(huo)(huo)消散而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)。焕乎有(you)文章,踪朕不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de);深(shen)乎不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)量,即(ji)事(shi)而(er)(er)非远。凡相(xiang)(xiang)酬对(dui),随理详核。有(you)何嫉诈,干犯(fan)诸师(shi)(shi)(shi)?且(qie)诸师(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)说,为(wei)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)?为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)?若(ruo)可(ke)(ke)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)者(zhe),毁(hui)(hui)(hui)故为(wei)衰;若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)毁(hui)(hui)(hui),毁(hui)(hui)(hui)自(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及。法师(shi)(shi)(shi)何独(du)蔽护不(bu)(bu)(bu)听毁(hui)(hui)(hui)乎?且(qie)教有(you)大(da)小,备在圣诰(gao),大(da)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,则(ze)指斥(chi)小道(dao)。今弘大(da)法,宁得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言大(da)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意耶(ye)?斯则(ze)褒贬(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),从弘放学(xue)(xue);与夺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,依经议论(lun)。何得(de)见佛说而(er)(er)信顺(shun),在我(wo)语(yu)而(er)(er)忤逆(ni)?无(wu)(wu)诤平(ping)等心(xin)(xin)(xin)如(ru)是(shi)耶(ye)?且(qie)忿恚烦(fan)恼,凡夫恒(heng)性,失(shi)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,率皆有(you)此。岂(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)以三(san)修未惬,六(liu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)怀(huai)恨,而(er)(er)蕴涅(nie)槃(pan)妙(miao)法,永不(bu)(bu)(bu)宣扬(yang)(yang)?但冀其(qi)(qi)(qi)忿愤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)既极(ji),恬淡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寤(wu)自(zi)成耳。人面不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)亦(yi)异,或(huo)(huo)有(you)辞意相(xiang)(xiang)反,或(huo)(huo)有(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)口(kou)相(xiang)(xiang)符(fu)。岂(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)必谓他人说中(zhong)道(dao)而(er)(er)心(xin)(xin)(xin)偏(pian)(pian)执,己(ji)行无(wu)(wu)诤,外(wai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)违而(er)(er)内(nei)平(ping)等?仇敌斗(dou)(dou)讼,岂(qi)(qi)(qi)我(wo)事(shi)焉;罪业(ye)聚(ju)集(ji),斗(dou)(dou)诤者(zhe)所(suo)(suo)畏耳。
《无(wu)(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)论(lun)》言(yan):摄(she)山大(da)师(shi)诱进化(hua)导,则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如此(ci)(ci),即习行于(yu)无(wu)(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。导悟(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德既往,淳(chun)一之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风已浇,竞胜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,阿毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曲(qu),盛(sheng)于(yu)兹(zi)矣(yi)。吾(wu)愿(yuan)息(xi)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)通道(dao),让(rang)胜以(yi)(yi)忘德。何必(bi)排(pai)拂(fu)异(yi)家(jia),生其恚怒者乎(hu)?若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心行于(yu)《成实(shi)》,亦(yi)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)偏著(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心说于(yu)《中(zhong)论(lun)》,亦(yi)得(de)有诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。固知(zhi)(zhi)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与不(bu)(bu)(bu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),偏在(zai)(zai)一法(fa)(fa)。答曰:摄(she)山大(da)师(shi)实(shi)无(wu)(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)矣(yi),但法(fa)(fa)师(shi)所赏(shang),未衷其节。彼(bi)静守幽谷,寂尔无(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei),凡有训勉,莫匪同志,从容语(yu)嘿(hei),物无(wu)(wu)间然,故其意虽(sui)深,其言(yan)甚约。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敷畅,地(di)势(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然。处王城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隅,居聚(ju)落之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),呼吸顾望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)客,脣吻纵(zong)横之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,奋锋颖,励羽翼,明目张胆,被坚执(zhi)锐,聘异(yi)家(jia),衒别(bie)解,窥伺(si)间隙(xi),邀冀长短(duan),与相(xiang)酬对,捔(jue)其轻重,岂得(de)默(mo)默(mo)无(wu)(wu)言(yan),唯唯应命?必(bi)须掎摭(zhi)同异(yi),发擿玼瑕,忘身(shen)而(er)(er)(er)弘道(dao),忤俗而(er)(er)(er)通教,以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)病,益知(zhi)(zhi)未达(da)。若(ruo)令(ling)大(da)师(shi)当此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),亦(yi)何必(bi)默(mo)己,而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)师(shi)所贵(gui)耶(ye)?法(fa)(fa)师(shi)又言(yan):“吾(wu)愿(yuan)息(xi)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)通道(dao),让(rang)胜以(yi)(yi)忘德。”道(dao)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,不(bu)(bu)(bu)止在(zai)(zai)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与不(bu)(bu)(bu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),让(rang)与不(bu)(bu)(bu)让(rang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)语(yu)直(zhi)是人(ren)间所重,法(fa)(fa)师(shi)慕而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),竟未知(zhi)(zhi)胜若(ruo)为(wei)(wei)可让(rang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)他人(ren)道(dao)高,则(ze)(ze)自胜不(bu)(bu)(bu)劳让(rang)矣(yi);他人(ren)道(dao)劣,则(ze)(ze)虽(sui)让(rang)而(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)益矣(yi)。欲让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci),将非虚设?中(zhong)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,无(wu)(wu)处不(bu)(bu)(bu)可。《成实(shi)三论(lun)》,何事致乖?但须息(xi)守株之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)解,除胶柱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,是事皆(jie)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。来旨言(yan)“诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与不(bu)(bu)(bu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),偏在(zai)(zai)一法(fa)(fa)”。何为(wei)(wei)独褒(bao)无(wu)(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)耶(ye)?讵非矛盾?
《无诤(zheng)论》言:邪正得(de)失(shi),胜(sheng)(sheng)负(fu)(fu)是(shi)非(fei),必(bi)生于心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)矣(yi),非(fei)谓所(suo)(suo)说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)定相论胜(sheng)(sheng)劣(lie)也。若(ruo)异论是(shi)非(fei),以偏著为(wei)失(shi)言,无是(shi)无非(fei),消彼得(de)失(shi),以此(ci)(ci)论为(wei)胜(sheng)(sheng)妙者(zhe)(zhe),他论所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)及,此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)为(wei)失(shi)也。何者(zhe)(zhe)?凡(fan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)所(suo)(suo)破(po),岂无心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)于能破(po),则胜(sheng)(sheng)负(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)忘,宁不(bu)(bu)存胜(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)乎(hu)?斯(si)则矜我为(wei)得(de),弃他之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi),即(ji)有(you)取舍,大生是(shi)非(fei),便是(shi)增诤(zheng)。答(da)曰:言为(wei)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)使(shi),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)受言诠;和(he)合根尘,鼓(gu)动风气(qi),故(gu)成语(yu)也。事必(bi)由心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),实如来说(shuo)。至(zhi)于心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)造伪以使(shi)口(kou),口(kou)行(xing)诈以应心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),外和(he)而(er)(er)(er)(er)内险(xian),言随而(er)(er)(er)(er)意(yi)逆,求利养,引(yin)声名,入道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),在(zai)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),斯(si)辈非(fei)一。圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)所(suo)(suo)以曲(qu)陈教(jiao)诫,深致防杜,说(shuo)见(jian)在(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殃(yang)咎,叙将(jiang)来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患害,此(ci)(ci)文(wen)明(ming)著,甚于日月,犹(you)有(you)忘爱躯(qu),冒峻(jun)制,蹈汤炭(tan),甘齑(ji)粉,必(bi)行(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)顾也。岂能悦无诤(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,而(er)(er)(er)(er)回首(shou)革(ge)音耶?若(ruo)弘(hong)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),宣化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知胜(sheng)(sheng)也,口(kou)言胜(sheng)(sheng)也,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知劣(lie)也,口(kou)言劣(lie)也,亦(yi)无所(suo)(suo)苞藏,亦(yi)无所(suo)(suo)忌(ji)禅(shan),但(dan)直(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。他道(dao)虽劣(lie),圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)也;己德虽优(you),亦(yi)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)也。我胜(sheng)(sheng)则圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)胜(sheng)(sheng),他劣(lie)则圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)劣(lie)。圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)优(you)劣(lie),盖(gai)根缘所(suo)(suo)宜尔。于彼于此(ci)(ci),何所(suo)(suo)厚薄哉?虽复终日按剑,极夜击(ji)柝,瞋(chen)目以争得(de)失(shi),作气(qi)以求胜(sheng)(sheng)负(fu)(fu),在(zai)谁处乎(hu)?有(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与无心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),徒欲分别虚空耳(er)。何意(yi)不(bu)(bu)许我论说(shuo),而(er)(er)(er)(er)使(shi)我谦退(tui)?此(ci)(ci)谓鹪褷已(yi)翔于寥廓,而(er)(er)(er)(er)虞者(zhe)(zhe)犹(you)窥薮泽而(er)(er)(er)(er)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。嗟乎(hu)!丈夫当弘(hong)斯(si)道(dao)矣(yi)。
《无(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)论(lun)》言(yan)(yan)(yan):无(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),通于(yu)内(nei)外。子所(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)须诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe),此(ci)用(yong)末(mo)(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)救本(ben)(ben),失本(ben)(ben)而(er)(er)营末(mo)(mo)(mo)者(zhe)也(ye)。今(jin)为子言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。何(he)(he)则?若依外典,寻书契(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)前,至(zhi)(zhi)淳之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),朴(po)质(zhi)其(qi)心(xin),行(xing)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao),当于(yu)此(ci)时,民至(zhi)(zhi)老死不(bu)相(xiang)往来,而(er)(er)各(ge)得其(qi)所(suo)(suo),复(fu)有(you)何(he)(he)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乎(hu)?固(gu)知本(ben)(ben)末(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),是(shi)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)真(zhen)(zhen)矣(yi)。答曰:诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与无(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)偏执。本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)与末(mo)(mo)(mo),又安可(ke)(ke)(ke)知?由来不(bu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),宁知非(fei)(fei)末(mo)(mo)(mo)?于(yu)今(jin)而(er)(er)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),何(he)(he)验非(fei)(fei)本(ben)(ben)?夫居(ju)后(hou)而(er)(er)望前,则为前;居(ju)前而(er)(er)望后(hou),则为后(hou)。而(er)(er)前后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)事犹如彼(bi)此(ci),彼(bi)呼(hu)此(ci)为彼(bi),此(ci)呼(hu)彼(bi)为彼(bi),彼(bi)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)名,的居(ju)谁处?以(yi)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),万(wan)事可(ke)(ke)(ke)知矣(yi)。本(ben)(ben)末(mo)(mo)(mo)前后(hou),是(shi)非(fei)(fei)善(shan)恶,可(ke)(ke)(ke)恒守邪?何(he)(he)得自信聪明(ming),废他(ta)耳(er)目?夫水泡生灭,火轮旋转,入牢阱,受羁(ji)绁(xie),生忧畏,起烦恼,其(qi)失何(he)(he)哉(zai)?不(bu)与道(dao)相(xiang)应(ying),而(er)(er)起诸见(jian)故也(ye)。相(xiang)应(ying)者(zhe)则不(bu)然,无(wu)为也(ye),无(wu)不(bu)为也(ye)。善(shan)恶不(bu)能偕,而(er)(er)未曾(ceng)离善(shan)恶,生死不(bu)能至(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)终然在生死,故得永离而(er)(er)任放焉。是(shi)以(yi)圣(sheng)人念(nian)(nian)绕(rao)桎(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)脱,愍(min)黏胶之(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)离,故殷(yin)勤教(jiao)示,备诸便巧(qiao)。希(xi)向之(zhi)(zhi)徒,涉求有(you)类,虽驎角难(nan)成,象形(xing)易失,宁得不(bu)仿佛遐路(lu),勉励(li)短晨?且当念(nian)(nian)己(ji)身之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)恶,莫揣他(ta)物(wu),而(er)(er)欲分别,而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)我聪明(ming),我知见(jian),我计校,我思惟,以(yi)此(ci)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),亦(yi)为疏矣(yi)。他(ta)人者(zhe)实难(nan)测,或可(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)凡(fan)夫真(zhen)(zhen)尔,亦(yi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)圣(sheng)人俯同(tong),时俗(su)所(suo)(suo)宜见(jian),果报(bao)所(suo)(suo)应(ying)睹。安得肆胸衿,尽情性,而(er)(er)生讥诮乎(hu)?正应(ying)虚己(ji)而(er)(er)游乎(hu)世(shi),俯仰(yang)于(yu)电露之(zhi)(zhi)间耳(er)。明(ming)月在天(tian),众(zhong)水咸见(jian),清风至(zhi)(zhi)林,群籁毕响。吾(wu)岂(qi)逆(ni)物(wu)哉(zai)?不(bu)入鲍鱼,不(bu)甘腐鼠。吾(wu)岂(qi)同(tong)物(wu)哉(zai)?谁能知我,共(gong)行(xing)斯路(lu),浩(hao)浩(hao)乎(hu)!堂堂乎(hu)!岂(qi)复(fu)见(jian)有(you)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为非(fei)(fei),无(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为是(shi)?此(ci)则诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)自诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),无(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)自无(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),吾(wu)俱取而(er)(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。宁劳法师费功(gong)夫,点笔纸,但申于(yu)无(wu)诤(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);弟(di)子疲脣舌,消(xiao)晷漏,唯对于(yu)明(ming)道(dao)?戏(xi)论(lun)哉(zai)!糟粕哉(zai)!必欲且考真(zhen)(zhen)伪,蹔观(guan)得失,无(wu)过依贤(xian)圣(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan),检(jian)行(xing)藏之(zhi)(zhi)理,始终研(yan)究,表里综(zong)核(he),使(shi)浮辞无(wu)所(suo)(suo)用(yong),诈(zha)道(dao)自然消(xiao)。请(qing)待后(hou)筵(yan),以(yi)观(guan)其(qi)妙(miao)矣(yi)。
寻以本(ben)官兼(jian)通(tong)直散(san)骑(qi)侍郎(lang)使齐,还除散(san)骑(qi)侍郎(lang)、镇南始兴王谘议参军,兼(jian)东(dong)宫(gong)管记。历太子庶子、仆,兼(jian)管记如(ru)故。后主即位,迁秘书监、右(you)卫将军,兼(jian)中书通(tong)事(shi)舍人,掌诏诰。
縡(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)为文典丽(li),性又(you)敏速,虽军国大事,下(xia)笔辄成,未(wei)尝起草,沉思者(zhe)亦无以(yi)加焉(yan),甚为后主(zhu)所重。然性木强,不持检操,负才使气(qi),陵侮人(ren)物,朝士(shi)多衔(xian)之(zhi)。会施文庆(qing)、沈客卿(qing)(qing)以(yi)便佞亲幸(xing),专(zhuan)制(zhi)衡轴,而(er)縡(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)益疏。文庆(qing)等因共谮(jian)縡(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)受高丽(li)使金,后主(zhu)收縡(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)狱(yu)。縡(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)素刚,因愤恚,乃于狱(yu)中(zhong)上书曰(yue):“夫君人(ren)者(zhe),恭事上帝,子(zi)爱(ai)下(xia)民(min),省嗜欲(yu),远(yuan)谄佞,未(wei)明求衣,日(ri)旰忘食,是以(yi)泽被区宇,庆(qing)流子(zi)孙(sun)。陛下(xia)顷来酒(jiu)色过度,不虔郊(jiao)庙之(zhi)神,专(zhuan)媚淫昏之(zhi)鬼;小(xiao)人(ren)在侧,宦(huan)竖(shu)弄权,恶(e)忠直若仇雠,视生(sheng)民(min)如(ru)草芥;后宫曳绮绣,厩(jiu)马馀菽粟(su),百姓(xing)流离(li),僵尸蔽野;货贿(hui)公(gong)行(xing),帑藏损耗,神怒(nu)民(min)怨,众叛(pan)亲离(li)。恐(kong)东南王气(qi),自斯而(er)尽。”书奏,后主(zhu)大怒(nu)。顷之(zhi),意稍解,遣使谓縡(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)曰(yue):“我欲(yu)赦(she)卿(qing)(qing),卿(qing)(qing)能(neng)改过不?”縡(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)对曰(yue):“臣心如(ru)面,臣面可改,则臣心可改。”后主(zhu)于是益怒(nu),令宦(huan)者(zhe)李善庆(qing)穷治其事,遂赐死狱(yu)中(zhong),时年五(wu)十五(wu)。有(you)集十卷行(xing)于世(shi)。
时有(you)吴兴章华,字仲宗(zong),家世农夫,至(zhi)华独好学,与士(shi)君子游处,颇览经(jing)史,善属(shu)文。侯景之(zhi)乱,乃(nai)(nai)(nai)游岭南(nan),居罗浮山(shan)寺,专精习业。欧阳頠为广(guang)州刺史,署为南(nan)海太(tai)守。及欧阳纥败,乃(nai)(nai)(nai)还京师。太(tai)建中,高(gao)宗(zong)使吏部侍郎(lang)萧引喻广(guang)州刺史马(ma)靖(jing),令入子为质,引奏(zou)华与俱行。使还,而高(gao)宗(zong)崩。后主(zhu)即位,朝(chao)臣(chen)以(yi)华素无伐阅,竞排诋之(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)除大(da)市(shi)令,既雅非所好,乃(nai)(nai)(nai)辞以(yi)疾,郁(yu)郁(yu)不(bu)(bu)得志。祯明初(chu),上书(shu)极(ji)谏(jian),其大(da)略曰:“昔高(gao)祖(zu)南(nan)平百越,北诛逆虏;世祖(zu)东(dong)定(ding)吴会,西破王琳;高(gao)宗(zong)克(ke)复(fu)淮南(nan),辟地(di)千里:三(san)祖(zu)之(zhi)功,亦至(zhi)勤矣(yi)。陛下即位,于(yu)今五年(nian),不(bu)(bu)思先(xian)帝之(zhi)艰难,不(bu)(bu)知天命之(zhi)可(ke)畏,溺于(yu)嬖宠,惑于(yu)酒色,祠七庙而不(bu)(bu)出(chu),拜妃嫔而临轩,老(lao)臣(chen)宿将,弃之(zhi)草(cao)莽,谄佞谗邪,升(sheng)之(zhi)朝(chao)廷。今疆(jiang)埸日(ri)蹙,隋军压境(jing),陛下如不(bu)(bu)改弦(xian)易张,臣(chen)见麋鹿(lu)复(fu)游于(yu)姑苏台矣(yi)。”书(shu)奏(zou),后主(zhu)大(da)怒,即日(ri)命斩之(zhi)。
史臣(chen)曰:萧(xiao)济、陆(lu)琼,俱以才(cai)学显(xian)著,顾野王博极群典,傅縡聪(cong)警特达,并一(yi)代之英灵矣。然縡不能(neng)循(xun)道进退,遂置极网,悲(bei)夫!
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